Polling the Face: Prediction and Consensus Across Cultures
Polling the Face: Prediction and Consensus Across Cultures
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DOI：
10.1037/a0017673
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Watabe, Motoki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rule, Nicholas O.;Arnbady, Nalini;Watabe, Motoki
以前的研究表明，不同文化的人对他们从面孔推断出的特征是一致的。以前的研究也表明，从面孔进行的推断可以预测文化中的重要结果。目前的研究合并了这两条工作线。在一系列跨文化研究中，作者要求美国和日本的参与者从美国政治候选人（研究1和3）和日本政治候选人（研究2和4）的面部特征中提供天真的推断。无论文化背景如何，知觉者对面孔的评分都表现出高度一致性，两组判断都预测了一个重要的生态结果（每个候选人在实际选举中获得的选票百分比）。然而，预测选举成功的特征因目标的文化而异。因此，当美国和日本的参与者被要求提供每个候选人赢得选举的可能性有多大的明确推断时（研究3-4），判断只对同一文化的候选人有预测性。试图推断外国文化的选举成功显示了自我投射的证据。因此，感知者可以从面部可靠地推断出预测信息，但需要了解目标的文化才能准确地做出这些预测。
Previous work has shown that individuals agree across cultures on the traits that they infer from faces. Previous work has also shown that inferences from faces can be predictive of important outcomes within cultures. The current research merges these two lines of work. In a series of cross-cultural studies, the authors asked American and Japanese participants to provide naive inferences of traits from the faces of U.S. political candidates (Studies 1 and 3) and Japanese political candidates (Studies 2 and 4). Perceivers showed high agreement in their ratings of the faces, regardless of culture, and both sets of judgments were predictive of an important ecological outcome (the percentage of votes that each candidate received in the actual election). The traits predicting electoral success differed, however, depending on the targets' culture. Thus, when American and Japanese participants were asked to provide explicit inferences of how likely each candidate would be to win an election (Studies 3-4), judgments were predictive only for same-culture candidates. Attempts to infer the electoral success for the foreign culture showed evidence of self-projection. Therefore, perceivers can reliably infer predictive information from faces but require knowledge about the target's culture to make these predictions accurately.