Changes in Alcohol-Involved Fatal Crashes Associated With Tougher State Alcohol Legislation
Changes in Alcohol-Involved Fatal Crashes Associated With Tougher State Alcohol Legislation
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1530-0277.2009.00945.x
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发表时间：
2009-07-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Tippetts, A. Scott
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fell, James C.;Fisher, Deborah A.;Tippetts, A. Scott
背景：本研究采用了一个前到后的设计，以评估对酒后驾驶致命的碰撞的影响，针对20岁及以下的青少年和4个法律，针对所有drivers.Methods的法律：数据来自酒精政策信息系统的数据集（1998年至2005年），国家酒精公路安全相关立法的摘要（1983年至2006年），和Westlaw数据库。死亡率分析报告系统数据集（1982年至2004年）被用来评估死亡事故中饮酒与非饮酒驾驶员的比率[死亡事故发生率（CIR）]。数据进行了分析，使用结构方程modeling techniques.Results：未成年人的致命CIR显着下降与存在4的法律针对青年（拥有，购买，使用和丢失，零容忍）和3的法律针对所有的司机（0.08血液酒精浓度非法本身的法律，二级或升级到一个主要的安全带法，和行政许可证吊销法）。啤酒消费与未成年人致命CIR的显著增加相关。针对所有年龄段司机的法律对26岁及以上成年饮酒司机的直接影响相似，但与20岁及以下的调查结果相比，影响程度较小。据估计，两项核心的未成年人饮酒法（购买和持有）和零容忍法目前每年挽救约732人的生命。如果所有的国家通过使用和失去的法律，另外165人的生命可以每年saved.Conclusions：这些结果提供了实质性的支持，有效性的21岁以下饮酒的法律与4的6个法律检查有显着的关联，减少未成年人饮酒和驾驶致命的碰撞。这些发现指出了关键的未成年人饮酒和交通安全法律在减少未成年人酒后驾车撞车事故方面的重要性。
Background:This study used a pre- to post-design to evaluate the influence on drinking-and-driving fatal crashes of 6 laws directed at youth aged 20 and younger and 4 laws targeting all drivers.Methods:Data on the laws were drawn from the Alcohol Policy Information System data set (1998 to 2005), the Digests of State Alcohol Highway Safety Related Legislation (1983 to 2006), and the Westlaw database. The Fatality Analysis Reporting System data set (1982 to 2004) was used to assess the ratio of drinking to nondrinking drivers involved in fatal crashes [fatal crash incidence ratio (CIR)]. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling techniques.Results:Significant decreases in the underage fatal CIR were associated with presence of 4 of the laws targeting youth (possession, purchase, use and lose, and zero tolerance) and 3 of the laws targeting all drivers (0.08 blood alcohol concentration illegal per se law, secondary or upgrade to a primary seat belt law, and an administrative license revocation law). Beer consumption was associated with a significant increase in the underage fatal CIR. The direct effects of laws targeting drivers of all ages on adult drinking drivers aged 26 and older were similar but of a smaller magnitude compared to the findings for those aged 20 and younger. It is estimated that the 2 core underage drinking laws (purchase and possession) and the zero tolerance law are currently saving an estimated 732 lives per year controlling for other exposure factors. If all states adopted use and lose laws, an additional 165 lives could be saved annually.Conclusions:These results provide substantial support for the effectiveness of under age 21 drinking laws with 4 of the 6 laws examined having significant associations with reductions in underage drinking-and-driving fatal crashes. These findings point to the importance of key underage drinking and traffic safety laws in efforts to reduce underage drinking-driver crashes.