The renaissance of Odum's outwelling hypothesis in 'Blue Carbon' science
The renaissance of Odum's outwelling hypothesis in 'Blue Carbon' science
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ecss.2021.107361
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发表时间：
2021-04
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
I. Santos;D. Burdige;T. Jennerjahn;S. Bouillon;A. Cabral;O. Serrano;T. Wernberg;K. Filbee‐Dexter
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文献类型：
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作者：
I. Santos;D. Burdige;T. Jennerjahn;S. Bouillon;A. Cabral;O. Serrano;T. Wernberg;K. Filbee‐Dexter
“蓝碳”一词是大约十年前创造的，旨在强调沿海植被生态系统的重要碳封存能力。该术语为制定保护和恢复这些受威胁的沿海生态系统以减缓气候变化的计划和政策铺平了道路。蓝碳研究的重点是量化沉积物中的碳储量和埋藏率或以生物量的形式积累。这种对栖息地束缚碳的关注导致我们忽视了移动的蓝碳部分。海洋作为最大的活性碳库，在某种程度上已成为盲点。最近的多项调查显示，蓝碳栖息地的溶解无机碳 (DIC) 和有机碳 (DOC) 以及颗粒有机碳 (POC) 的大量流出（即横向通量或水平出口）。在本文中，我们概念化了红树林、盐沼、海草和大型藻类生态系统的涌流，诊断了阻碍稳健量化的关键挑战，并为未来将移动碳整合到蓝碳框架中的工作铺平了道路。红树林和盐沼中的涌流通常以 DIC（主要为碳酸氢盐）为主，而 POC 似乎是从海草草甸和大型藻类森林输出的主要碳物种。碳流出科学仍处于起步阶段，估计在空间和时间上仍然有限。然而，现有的数据集表明，海洋封存之后的碳流出是相关的，并且可能超过当地沉积物埋藏，作为长期（>几个世纪）的蓝色碳封存机制。如果随着更多数据的出现，这一点被证明是正确的，那么忽视碳流出可能会低估蓝碳生态系统的感知封存能力。
The term ‘Blue Carbon’ was coined about a decade ago to highlight the important carbon sequestration capacity of coastal vegetated ecosystems. The term has paved the way for the development of programs and policies that preserve and restore these threatened coastal ecosystems for climate change mitigation. Blue carbon research has focused on quantifying carbon stocks and burial rates in sediments or accumulating as biomass. This focus on habitat-bound carbon led us to losing sight of the mobile blue carbon fraction. Oceans, the largest active reservoir of carbon, have become somewhat of a blind spot. Multiple recent investigations have revealed high outwelling (i.e., lateral fluxes or horizontal exports) of dissolved inorganic (DIC) and organic (DOC) carbon, as well as particulate organic carbon (POC) from blue carbon habitats. In this paper, we conceptualize outwelling in mangrove, saltmarsh, seagrass and macroalgae ecosystems, diagnose key challenges preventing robust quantification, and pave the way for future work integrating mobile carbon in the blue carbon framework. Outwelling in mangroves and saltmarshes is usually dominated by DIC (mostly as bicarbonate), while POC seems to be the major carbon species exported from seagrass meadows and macroalgae forests. Carbon outwelling science is still in its infancy, and estimates remain limited spatially and temporally. Nevertheless, the existing datasets imply that carbon outwelling followed by ocean storage is relevant and may exceed local sediment burial as a long-term (>centuries) blue carbon sequestration mechanism. If this proves correct as more data emerge, ignoring carbon outwelling may underestimate the perceived sequestration capacity of blue carbon ecosystems.