From individuals to aggregations:: The interplay between behavior and physics
From individuals to aggregations:: The interplay between behavior and physics
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DOI：
10.1006/jtbi.1998.0842
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发表时间：
1999-02-21
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Olson, D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Flierl, G;Gr端nbaum, D;Olson, D
本文分析了生物体形成群体的过程，以及社会力量如何与环境变异性和运输相互作用。对于水生生物来说，后者尤其重要--剪切流或湍流会扰乱生物群吗？为了分析这些问题，我们使用基于个人的模型来研究导致群体的环境和社会力量。然后将模型嵌入到湍流流场中，以了解作用于个体的力与流体运动引起的传输之间的相互作用。我们发现，流动不是破坏群体，而是通过增加群体之间的相遇率从而促进合并成更大的群体，从而促进分组；这种影响在强流动时被打破。我们讨论了基于个体的模型到生物密度的连续模型的转换。在这个过程中出现了一些微妙的困难；然而，我们发现在单个模型和连续模型之间进行直接比较是相当有利的。最后，我们考察了群体统计的动力学，并给出了一个基于个体的模拟建立群体大小分布的时空变化方程的例子，这些研究为将群体效应纳入生物大尺度分布模型以及检验群体形成的进化后果奠定了基础。(C)1999年学术出版社。
This paper analyses the processes by which organisms form groups and how social forces interact with environmental variability and transport. For aquatic organisms, the latter is especially important-will sheared or turbulent flows disrupt organism groups? To analyse such problems, we use individual-based models to study the environmental and social forces leading to grouping. The models are then embedded in turbulent flow fields to gain an understanding of the interplay between the forces acting on the individuals and the transport induced by the fluid motion. Instead of disruption of groups, we find that flows often enhance grouping by increasing the encounter rate among groups and thereby promoting merger into larger groups; the effect breaks down for strong flows.We discuss the transformation of individual-based models into continuum models for the density of organisms. A number of subtle difficulties arise in this process; however, we find that a direct comparison between the individual model and the continuum model is quite favorable. Finally, we examine the dynamics of group statistics and give an example of building an equation for the spatial and temporal variations of the group-size distribution from individual-based simulations.These studies lay the groundwork for incorporating the effects of grouping into models of the large scale distributions of organisms as well as for examining the evolutionary consequences of group formation. (C) 1999 Academic Press.