Childcare availability, household structure, and maternal employment
Childcare availability, household structure, and maternal employment
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jjie.2015.05.009
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发表时间：
2015-12-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Yamaguchi, Shintaro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Asai, Yukiko;Kambayashi, Ryo;Yamaguchi, Shintaro
我们使用日本1990-2010年五年一度的人口普查数据，估算了托儿服务的提供对产妇就业率的因果影响。我们与以前关于日本的论文不同，控制了县固定效应，没有县固定效应，估计值可能会严重偏高。与普遍的看法相反，当县固定效应被控制时，儿童保育的可用性与产妇就业无关。有证据表明，这是因为越来越多的家庭不与祖父母住在一起，因此家庭从使用祖父母提供的非正规托儿服务转向使用经认证的托儿服务。如果家庭结构没有发生这种变化，托儿服务的增加将使产妇就业率增加两个百分点，这占1990年至2010年产妇就业率增长的30%左右。(C)2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
We estimate the causal effects of childcare availability on the maternal employment rate using prefecture panel data constructed from the Japanese quinquennial census 1990-2010. We depart from previous papers on Japan by controlling for prefecture fixed effects, without which the estimates can be severely biased upward. Contrary to popular belief, childcare availability is uncorrelated with maternal employment when prefecture fixed effects are controlled. Evidence suggests that this is because households shift from using informal childcare provided by grandparents to the accredited childcare service, as more and more households do not live with grandparents. If this change of the household structure did not occur, the growth of childcare availability would have increased the maternal employment rate by two percentage points, which accounts for about 30% of the growth in the maternal employment rate from 1990 to 2010. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.