The relative importance of personal beliefs, meta-stereotypes and societal stereotypes of age for the wellbeing of older people
The relative importance of personal beliefs, meta-stereotypes and societal stereotypes of age for the wellbeing of older people
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DOI：
10.1017/s0144686x20000537
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发表时间：
2021-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Abrams, Dominic
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fasel, Nicole;Vauclair, Christin-Melanie;Abrams, Dominic
老年的负面形象会损害老年人的认知和身体功能及健康。然而，老年人可能面临与其个人信仰不一致的年龄陈规定型观念。我们研究了年龄刻板印象的三个不同因素对老年人福祉的影响：他们对自己年龄组的个人信念，他们对其他人如何看待老年人（即他们的元刻板印象）的看法，以及在社会上广泛分享的社会年龄刻板印象。使用措施的刻板印象内容模型和调查数据的老年人从英国（英国）（研究1，N = 171），我们发现只有部分重叠老年人的个人信念和他们的元刻板印象。个人信仰与幸福无关，但对老年人能力的积极元刻板印象与更高的幸福感有关。这些发现在很大程度上与来自瑞士的婴儿潮一代的样本（研究2，N = 400）进行了复制，控制了社会人口统计学。研究3使用了29个欧洲国家的代表性调查数据（N = 10，803），以测试和确认积极能力元刻板印象和幸福感之间的联系可以推广到不同的文化，积极的温暖元刻板印象是一个额外的预测因素。在国家一级，关于能力的社会年龄定型观念与老年人的福祉呈正相关，但仅在提供更多机会获得能力的国家。
Negative images of old age can harm older individuals' cognitive and physical functioning and health. Yet, older people may be confronted with age stereotypes that are inconsistent with their own personal beliefs. We examine the implications for older people's wellbeing of three distinct elements of age stereotypes: their personal beliefs about their age group, their perception about how others generally perceive older people (i.e. their meta-stereotypes) and the societal age stereotypes that are empirically widely shared in society. Using measures from the Stereotype Content Model and survey data of older people from the United Kingdom (UK) (Study 1, N = 171), we found only partial overlap between older people's personal beliefs and their meta-stereotypes. Personal beliefs were unrelated to wellbeing, but positive meta-stereotypes of older people's competence were linked to higher wellbeing. These findings were largely replicated with a sample of baby-boomers from Switzerland (Study 2, N = 400) controlling for socio-demographics. Study 3 used representative survey data (N = 10,803) across 29 European countries, to test and confirm that the link between positive competence meta-stereotypes and wellbeing can be generalised to different cultures, and that positive warmth meta-stereotypes were an additional predictor. At the country level, societal age stereotypes about competence were positively related to the wellbeing of older people, but only in countries that provide greater opportunities for competence attainment.