Biomechanics of the Posterior Eye: A Critical Role in Health and Disease
Biomechanics of the Posterior Eye: A Critical Role in Health and Disease
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DOI：
10.1115/1.4026286
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发表时间：
2014-02-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Ethier, C. Ross
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Campbell, Ian C.;Coudrillier, Baptiste;Ethier, C. Ross
眼球后部是一个复杂的生物力学结构。视网膜、脉络膜和视神经头的微细神经和血管组织对视觉功能至关重要，它们受到来自眼内压、眼内肌和眶外肌以及眼部外力的机械载荷。周围的巩膜用来抵消这些力的过度变形，从而为眼组织创造一个稳定的生物力学环境。此外，眼睛是一个动态的结构，由于衰老和青光眼和近视等病理因素，结缔组织发生了重塑。这些组织的材料特性以及眼球后部的应力和应变分布是一个活跃的研究领域，依赖于计算建模、成像和生物力学测量方法的组合。研究人员正在认识到胶原微结构在这些材料特性中的作用日益重要，并正在进行微结构测量，以驱动微结构信息的眼睛生物力学模型。在这里，我们回顾了值得注意的发现和对后眼球的生物力学和微结构的共识理解。讨论了计算和数值模拟研究以及眼组织的机械测试的结果。最后，我们对这一领域的未来趋势进行了一些猜测。
The posterior eye is a complex biomechanical structure. Delicate neural and vascular tissues of the retina, choroid, and optic nerve head that are critical for visual function are subjected to mechanical loading from intraocular pressure, intraocular and extraorbital muscles, and external forces on the eye. The surrounding sclera serves to counteract excessive deformation from these forces and thus to create a stable biomechanical environment for the ocular tissues. Additionally, the eye is a dynamic structure with connective tissue remodeling occurring as a result of aging and pathologies such as glaucoma and myopia. The material properties of these tissues and the distribution of stresses and strains in the posterior eye is an area of active research, relying on a combination of computational modeling, imaging, and biomechanical measurement approaches. Investigators are recognizing the increasing importance of the role of the collagen microstructure in these material properties and are undertaking microstructural measurements to drive microstructurally-informed models of ocular biomechanics. Here, we review notable findings and the consensus understanding on the biomechanics and microstructure of the posterior eye. Results from computational and numerical modeling studies and mechanical testing of ocular tissue are discussed. We conclude with some speculation as to future trends in this field.