Astronomical Observing Conditions at Xinglong Observatory from 2007 to 2014
Astronomical Observing Conditions at Xinglong Observatory from 2007 to 2014
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2007年至2014年兴隆天文台天文观测情况
DOI：
10.1086/684369
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发表时间：
2015-12
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Jiang Xiao-Jun
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhang Ji-Cheng;Ge Liang;Lu Xiao-Meng;Cao Zi-Huang;Chen Xu;Mao Yong-Na;Jiang Xiao-Jun
中国科学院国家天文台星龙天文台是中国主要的光学天文台之一，拥有9个光学望远镜，包括大空域多目标光纤光谱望远镜（LAMOST）和2.16米反射镜。这些望远镜的科学研究主要集中在恒星、星系和系外行星上，使用多色光度法和光谱观测。因此，向天文学家提供该地点的详细观测条件，以便有效地利用这些设施是很重要的。本文基于2007 - 2014年的气象、能见度和天空亮度监测，介绍了兴隆天文台观测条件的特征。气象数据来自中国气象局校准的商业自动气象站（AWS）。在分析期间，平均风速和中位风速几乎不变，在1.0 ~ 3.5 m s-1之间。然而，高风速（≥15 m s-1）主要在冬季和春季中断观测。对气温进行统计分析，发现昼夜温差，可在观测前至少1小时打开通风装置和圆顶缝隙解决。分析结果显示，每年光度夜和光谱夜的平均百分比分别为32%和63%。光度夜和光谱夜的分布具有明显的季节变化趋势，夏季由于云层、沙尘和高湿的影响而较差。视力测量使用差分图像运动监视器（DIMM）获得。超过1年的平均和中位数分别约为1.9″和1.7″。80%的夜晚的观测值低于2.6″，而分布峰值在1.8″左右。天空亮度的测量是通过天空质量计（SQM）和光度观测获得的。分析表明，天顶的天空亮度约为21.1等弧-2，天顶角越大，亮度越高。由于北京、唐山、承德等周边城市的光污染，天空亮度增加。朝向北京方向的显著影响，在30°的高度，可以使天空亮度增加到20.0等弧-2。午夜后天空亮度下降，主要是受城市灯光和人为活动的影响。上述结果表明，兴隆天文台仍然是一个良好的天文观测场所。通过对兴隆天文台观测条件的分析，可以为观测者在目标选择、观测策略和望远镜操作等方面提供参考。
Xinglong Observatory of the National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NAOC), is one of the major optical observatories in China, which hosts nine optical telescopes including the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) and the 2.16 m reflector. Scientific research from these telescopes is focused on stars, galaxies, and exoplanets using multicolor photometry and spectroscopic observations. Therefore, it is important to provide the observing conditions of the site, in detail, to the astronomers for an efficient use of these facilities. In this article, we present the characterization of observing conditions at Xinglong Observatory based on the monitoring of meteorology, seeing and sky brightness during the period from 2007 to 2014. Meteorological data were collected from a commercial Automatic Weather Station (AWS), calibrated by China Meteorological Administration. Mean and median wind speed are almost constant during the period analyzed and ranged from 1.0 to 3.5 m s-1. However, high wind speed (≥15 m s-1) interrupts observations, mainly, during the winter and spring. Statistical analysis of air temperature showed the temperature difference between daytime and nighttime, which can be solved by opening the ventilation device and the slit of the dome at least 1 hr before observations. Analysis resulted in average percentage of photometric nights and spectroscopic nights are 32% and 63% per year, respectively. The distribution of photometric nights and spectroscopic nights has a significant seasonal tendency, worse in summer due to clouds, dust, and high humidity. Seeing measurements were obtained using the Differential Image Motion Monitor (DIMM). Mean and median values of seeing over 1 year are around 1.9″ and 1.7″, respectively. Eighty percent of nights with seeing values are below 2.6″, whereas the distribution peaks around 1.8″. The measurements of sky brightness are acquired from the Sky Quality Meter (SQM) and photometric observations. Analysis shows that sky brightness at the zenith is around 21.1 mag arcsec-2 and becomes brighter with a larger zenith angle. Sky brightness increases due to the light pollution of the surrounding cities, Beijing, Tangshan, and Chengde. Significant influence toward the direction of Beijing, at an altitude of 30°, can increase the sky brightness up to 20.0 mag arcsec-2. Sky brightness reduces after midnight, mainly because of the influence of city lights and the artificial acts. The above results suggest that Xinglong Observatory is still a good site for astronomical observations. Our analysis of the observing conditions at Xinglong Observatory can be used as a reference to the observers on targets selection, observing strategy, and telescope operation.
影响因子：
14.9
作者：
Jagdev Singh;J. C. Bhattacharyya;G. Babu;B. N. Ashoka;M. Appakutty;K. Rangarajan;K. Kutty;Moorthy;G. Selvakumar;P. Michael;A. Muniyandi;F. Gabriel
通讯作者：
Jagdev Singh;J. C. Bhattacharyya;G. Babu;B. N. Ashoka;M. Appakutty;K. Rangarajan;K. Kutty;Moorthy;G. Selvakumar;P. Michael;A. Muniyandi;F. Gabriel
影响因子：
4.9
作者：
J. Vernin;Z. Benkhaldoun;C. Muñoz-Tuñón
通讯作者：
J. Vernin;Z. Benkhaldoun;C. Muñoz-Tuñón