Effects of Nicotine on Attention and Inhibitory Control in Healthy Nonsmokers
Effects of Nicotine on Attention and Inhibitory Control in Healthy Nonsmokers
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DOI：
10.1037/a0023292
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发表时间：
2011-06-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
de Wit, Harriet
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wignall, Nicholas D.;de Wit, Harriet
尼古丁可以改善吸烟者和精神病患者的认知功能，但它对健康的非吸烟者的认知增强作用却知之甚少。尼古丁似乎可以增强非吸烟者的某些认知形式，但它对认知亚型的特异性尚不清楚。这项研究试图复制和扩展先前关于尼古丁对健康非吸烟者认知能力影响的研究结果。健康的年轻成年人(N=40，50%的女性)参加了一项安慰剂对照、双盲、重复测量的实验，检查7毫克尼古丁或安慰剂的效果。参与者完成了注意力(注意网络测试)、行为抑制(停止信号任务、Stroop测试)、奖励反应(信号检测任务)和冒险行为(气球模拟风险任务)的测试。还获得了生理(心率、血压)和主观(情绪状态简介、药物效果问卷)的测量结果。尼古丁只在Stroop测试中显著提高了成绩，但它损害了注意力网络测试的一个方面的成绩，即定向效应。尼古丁在预定的时间内对生理和主观指标产生了预期的效果。这项研究的发现有助于越来越多的文献表明，尼古丁对健康的非吸烟者认知表现的特定亚型有不同的影响。
Nicotine improves cognitive functioning in smokers and psychiatric populations, but its cognitive-enhancing effects in healthy nonsmokers are less well understood. Nicotine appears to enhance certain forms of cognition in nonsmokers, but its specificity to subtypes of cognition is not known. This study sought to replicate and extend previous findings on the effects of nicotine on cognitive performance in healthy nonsmokers. Healthy young adults (N = 40, 50% women) participated in a placebo-controlled, double-blind, repeated measures experiment examining the effects of 7 mg transdermal nicotine or placebo. Participants completed tests of attention (Attention Network Test), behavioral inhibition (stop signal task, Stroop test), reward responsiveness (signal detection task), and risk-taking behavior (Balloon Analogue Risk Task). Physiological (heart rate, blood pressure) and subjective (Profile of Mood States, Drug Effects Questionnaire) measures were also obtained. Nicotine significantly improved performance only on the Stroop test, but it impaired performance on one aspect of the Attention Network Test, the orienting effect. Nicotine produced its expected effects on physiologic and subjective measures within the intended time course. The findings of this study contribute to a growing literature indicating that nicotine differentially affects specific subtypes of cognitive performance in healthy nonsmokers.