A matter of life and death: cell wall homeostasis and the WalKR (YycGF) essential signal transduction pathway
A matter of life and death: cell wall homeostasis and the WalKR (YycGF) essential signal transduction pathway
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2958.2008.06483.x
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发表时间：
2008-12-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Msadek, Tarek
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dubrac, Sarah;Bisicchia, Paola;Msadek, Tarek
WalK/WalR（又名YycG/YycF）双组分系统（TCS）最初在枯草芽孢杆菌中鉴定，对低G+C革兰氏阳性细菌（包括许多重要病原体）具有高度保守性和特异性。一个不寻常的特征是，这个系统对于大多数这些细菌的生存能力至关重要。最近的研究揭示了该系统的保守功能，将该信号转导途径定义为细胞壁代谢的关键调节系统，因此我们将其重新命名为WalK/WalR。在这里，我们回顾细胞的WalK/WalR TCS在不同的细菌物种中的作用，专注于其调节子中的基因的功能，以及WalRK操纵子结构和其调节子的组成的变化。我们还讨论了其重要性的本质以及被感知的信号的潜在类型。B.枯草芽孢杆菌已被证明本地化的divisome和我们建议，WalKR系统作为一个信息管道之间的细胞外的细胞结构和细胞内的过程所需的合成，有效地协调肽聚糖可塑性与细胞分裂过程中发挥了至关重要的作用。
The WalK/WalR (aka YycG/YycF) two-component system (TCS), originally identified in Bacillus subtilis, is very highly conserved and specific to low G+C Gram-positive bacteria, including a number of important pathogens. An unusual feature is that this system is essential for viability in most of these bacteria. Recent studies have revealed conserved functions for this system, defining this signal transduction pathway as a crucial regulatory system for cell wall metabolism, that we have accordingly renamed WalK/WalR. Here we review the cellular role of the WalK/WalR TCS in different bacterial species, focusing on the function of genes in its regulon, as well as variations in walRK operon structure and the composition of its regulon. We also discuss the nature of its essentiality and the potential type of signal being sensed. The WalK histidine kinase of B. subtilis has been shown to localize to the divisome and we suggest that the WalKR system acts as an information conduit between extracytoplasmic cellular structures and intracellular processes required for their synthesis, playing a vital role in effectively co-ordinating peptidoglycan plasticity with the cell division process.