Older Adults in the United States and COVID-19: A Qualitative Study of Perceptions, Finances, Coping, and Emotions.
Older Adults in the United States and COVID-19: A Qualitative Study of Perceptions, Finances, Coping, and Emotions.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpubh.2021.660536
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Daniels H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Goins RT;Anderson E;Minick H;Daniels H
简介：老年人的冠状病毒（COVID-19）预后最差，因并发症死亡的风险最高，这使得他们的COVID-19经历尤为重要。在压力评估应对理论模型的指导下，我们试图了解居住在美国的老年人对COVID的相关看法和行为。材料与方法：我们采用便利抽样方法招募符合以下入选标准的人员：年龄≥ 65岁，英语流利，美国居民。于2020年4月25日至2020年5月7日期间进行了远程半结构化深度访谈并进行了录音。访谈被专业转录，最终研究样本为43人。一个低推理的定性描述性设计被用来提供一个情境的理解参与者的生活经验，使用他们的自然主义的表达。结果：参与者的平均年龄为72.4 ± 6.7岁。略多于一半的人是女性（55.8%），90.6%是白色人，18.6%独居。居住在农村地区（27.9%）或小城市（25.6%）的参与者比例最高。我们确定了四个主题，包括（1）风险认知，（2）财务影响，（3）应对，（4）情绪。大多数参与者都意识到他们对COVID-19结果不佳的风险更大，但许多人不相信他们的风险增加。大流行病造成的财务状况各不相同，基本上没有财务影响，而其他国家报告了负面影响，少数国家报告了正面影响。应对是以问题和情绪为中心的。以问题为中心的应对包括预防措施，以情绪为中心的应对包括创建日常结构，追求新的和/或创造性的活动，以新的方式与他人联系，并尽量减少新闻媒体曝光。总体而言，情绪健康受到大流行病的负面影响，尽管一些参与者报告了积极的情绪体验。结论：老年人认为自己是COVID-19并发症的高风险人群，因此采取了预防措施来保护自己免受病毒感染。预防措施包括社会隔离，这可能对心理健康产生负面影响。老年人需要足智多谋，利用现有资源来科普，例如参与创造性活动和与他人联系的新策略。我们的研究结果强调了通过利用低成本或无成本的现有资源，在长期隔离期间保持心理健康的重要性。
Introduction: Older adults have the poorest coronavirus (COVID-19) prognosis with the highest risk of death due to complications, making their COVID-19 experiences particularly important. Guided by the stress-appraisal-coping theoretical model, we sought to understand COVID-related perceptions and behaviors of older adults residing in the United States. Materials and Methods: We used convenience sampling to recruit persons with the following inclusion criteria: Aged ≥ 65 years, English fluency, and U.S. residency. Semi structured in-depth interviews were conducted remotely and audio recorded between April 25, 2020 and May 7, 2020. Interviews were professionally transcribed with a final study sample of 43. A low-inference qualitative descriptive design was used to provide a situated understanding of participants' life experiences using their naturalistic expressions. Results: The mean age of participants was 72.4 ± 6.7. Slightly over half were female (55.8%), 90.6% were White, and 18.6% lived alone. The largest percentages of participants resided in a rural area (27.9%) or small city (25.6%). We identified four themes, including (1) risk perception, (2) financial impact, (3) coping, and (4) emotions. Most participants were aware of their greater risk for poor COVID-19 outcomes but many did not believe in their increased risk. Financial circumstances because of the pandemic varied with largely no financial impacts, while others reported negative impacts and a few reported positive impacts. Coping was problem- and emotion-focused. Problem-focused coping included precautionary efforts and emotion-focused coping included creating daily structure, pursuing new and/or creative activities, connecting with others in new ways, and minimizing news media exposure. Overall, emotional health was negatively affected by the pandemic although some participants reported positive emotional experiences. Conclusions: Perceiving themselves as high risk for COVID-19 complications, older adults used precautionary measures to protect themselves from contracting the virus. The precautionary measures included social isolation, which can negatively affect mental health. Older adults will need to be resourceful and draw on existing resources to cope, such as engaging in creative activities and new strategies to connect with others. Our findings underscore the importance of the preservation of mental health during extended periods of isolation by taking advantage of low-to-no-cost existing resources.
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