Global freshwater resources: Soft-path solutions for the 21st century
Global freshwater resources: Soft-path solutions for the 21st century
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DOI：
10.1126/science.1089967
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发表时间：
2003-11-28
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
Gleick, PH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gleick, PH
20世纪的水政策依赖于以水坝、渡槽、管道和复杂的集中处理厂为形式的大规模基础设施的建设，以满足人类的需求。这些设施为数十亿人带来了巨大的利益，但也带来了严重的、往往是不可预见的社会、经济和生态成本。许多水问题仍然没有解决，过去的办法似乎不再足够。目前正在过渡到一条“软道路”，以较低成本的社区级系统、分散和公开的决策、水市场和公平定价、应用高效技术和环境保护来补充集中的有形基础设施。
Twentieth-century water policies relied on the construction of massive infrastructure in the form of dams, aqueducts, pipelines, and complex centralized treatment plants to meet human demands. These facilities brought tremendous benefits to billions of people, but they also had serious and often unanticipated social, economical, and ecological costs. Many unsolved water problems remain, and past approaches no longer seem sufficient. A transition is under way to a "soft path" that complements centralized physical infrastructure with lower cost community-scale systems, decentralized and open decision-making, water markets and equitable pricing, application of efficient technology, and environmental protection.