Skeleton of Euplectella sp.:: Structural hierarchy from the nanoscale to the macroscale
Skeleton of Euplectella sp.:: Structural hierarchy from the nanoscale to the macroscale
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DOI：
10.1126/science.1112255
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发表时间：
2005-07-08
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
Fratzl, P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aizenberg, J;Weaver, JC;Fratzl, P
自然界的结构材料表现出非凡的构建块设计，通常从纳米到宏观长度尺度分层排列。我们报告了在六线海绵 Euplectella sp. 中观察到的生物硅的结构特性。固结的纳米级二氧化硅球排列在明确的微观同心环中，通过有机基质粘合在一起，形成层压针状体。在层压硅基水泥的作用下，这些针状体组装成束，导致形成由对角脊加固的宏观圆柱形方格笼状结构。随后的设计克服了其构成材料玻璃的脆性，并表现出出色的机械刚性和稳定性。讨论了七个已确定的层次级别中每个层次的机械效益以及它们与常见机械工程策略的比较。
Structural materials in nature exhibit remarkable designs with building blocks, often hierarchically arranged from the nanometer to the macroscopic length scales. We report on the structural properties of biosilica observed in the hexactinellid sponge Euplectella sp. Consolidated, nanometer-scaled silica spheres are arranged in well-defined microscopic concentric rings glued together by organic matrix to form laminated spicules. The assembly of these spicules into bundles, effected by the laminated silica-based cement, results in the formation of a macroscopic cylindrical square-lattice cagelike structure reinforced by diagonal ridges. The ensuing design overcomes the brittleness of its constituent material, glass, and shows outstanding mechanical rigidity and stability. The mechanical benefits of each of seven identified hierarchical levels and their comparison with common mechanical engineering strategies are discussed.