DEVELOPMENTAL FORMS OF TRYPANOSOMA-BRUCEI IN THE SALIVA OF GLOSSINA-PALLIDIPES AND GLOSSINA-AUSTENI
DEVELOPMENTAL FORMS OF TRYPANOSOMA-BRUCEI IN THE SALIVA OF GLOSSINA-PALLIDIPES AND GLOSSINA-AUSTENI
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DOI：
10.1080/00034983.1947.11685305
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发表时间：
1947-01-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
LANGRIDGE, WP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
LEWIS, EA;LANGRIDGE, WP
在布氏锥虫通过采采蝇和奥氏锥虫传播的实验过程中，我们在苍蝇的‘唾液’渗出液中观察到了一系列发育中的锥虫，这比迄今所描述的更详细地解释了这种锥虫从腺室发育到最终感染阶段的变化。这一序列暗示了对布鲁氏毛滴虫生活史早期概念的修改，特别是关于侵入唾液腺的形式的起源和性质。无论是公关还是公关。卵室锥体或细长的甲沟侵入腺体，直接发育成鞭毛，形成后循环锥体。苍蝇生活史的完成似乎依赖于前脑室锥体发育成特殊的前脑室后形态，这是由Lloyd(1930)记录和说明的不等分裂引起的，不同的形态从纤细的中肠到早期工作者的细长的克里迪亚和短的克里迪亚。A.苍蝇的成熟感染是由短裂毛虫到达唾液腺并在唾液腺中定居的能力决定的。采采蝇是从肯尼亚沿海苍蝇地区收集的蛹和实验室饲养的苍蝇存放的蛹中饲养的。他们每隔一天喂食对1944年9月以来一直保存在卡贝特的布氏毛滴虫Mariakani骆驼株有反应的动物，并通过被感染的采采蝇叮咬和接种感染的血液通过各种脊椎动物宿主传播。在第一次喂食有反应的动物后的第14天，这些苍蝇被饥饿了48小时。然后用与科赫(1905)、布鲁斯等人(1914)、劳埃德和约翰逊(1924)采用的方法相似的方法诱导他们在玻片上“唾液”，但Burtt和Vanderplank(Vanderplank，1944)对其进行了改进，以便于对大量数字的检查。玻片在恒温控制在38-40℃(100·4-104·0F)的金属水箱上加热。这些幻灯片被放在一个装有一只苍蝇的管子上，在试图探测海平面的过程中，苍蝇在滑梯上沉积了一滴或多滴液体--这些液体聚集在鼻尖上。液体或渗出物很容易干燥，并立即固定在甲醇中，并用缓冲的Giemsa染色。在第一次探头之后，每只苍蝇的渗出物每隔48小时定期检查一次，然后立即喂食苍蝇。因此，我们能够在早期阶段挑选出锥虫处于发育过程中的个别苍蝇。从相继出现的序列和相对数量推断出发育顺序
In the course of experiments on the transmission of Trypanosoma brucei by the tsetses Glossina pallidipes and G. austeni, we have observed in the'salivary'exudate of the flies a sequence of developing trypanosomes which explains, in greater detail than hitherto described, the changes that take place in the development of this trypanosome from the proventricular to the final infective stages. The sequence suggests modification of earlier conceptions of the life-cycle of T. brucei, particularly with regard to the derivation and nature of the forms which invade the salivary glands. Neither the pr. oventricular trypanosomes nor the long slender crithidia invade the glands to develop directly into flagellates which give rise to metacyclic trypanosomes. Completion of the life-cycle in the fly appears to be dependent on the development of the proventricular trypanosomes into peculiar post-proventricular forms, which give rise, by unequal fission recorded and illustrated by Lloyd (1930) as unusual forms from the mid-gut of G. tachinoides, to the long slender crithidia of earlier workers and to short crithidi. a. Mature infection of the fly is determined by the ability of the short crithidia to reach, and to become established in, the salivary glands.The tsetse-flies were reared from pupae collected in the coastal fly-areas of Kenya and from pupae deposited by laboratory-bred flies. They were fed every other day on animals reacting to a Mariakani-camel strain of T. brucei maintained at Kabete since September, 1944, and pa~ saged through a variety of vertebrate hosts by bites of infected tsetses and by inoculation of infected blood. The flies were starved for 48 hours on about the 14th day after the first feed on a reacting animal. They were then induced to'salivate'on a glass slide by a method somewhat similar to that adopted by Koch (1905), Bruce et a/.(1914), Lloyd and Johnson (1924), but improved, to facilitate examination of large numbers, by Burtt and Vanderplank (Vanderplank, 1944). Glass slides were warmed on a metal water-tank thermostatically controlled at 38-40 C.(100· 4-104· 0 F.). These slides were placed over a tube containing a single fly, which, in an attempt to probe the wa1m surface, deposited one or more drops of fluid-which collected at the tip of the proboscis--on to the slide.. The fluid or exudate dried readily, and was immediately fixed in methyl alcohol and stained with buffered Giemsa. Subsequent to the first probe, the exudate from each fly was examined at regular intervals of 48 hours, and the fly was fed immediately afterwards. We were thus able to pick out, at an early stage, individual flies in which the trypanosomes were in the process of developing. The sequence of development was deduced from the successive appearance and the relative numbers of