Analyzing scale independence in jobs-housing and commute efficiency metrics
Analyzing scale independence in jobs-housing and commute efficiency metrics
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DOI：
10.1016/j.tra.2013.10.018
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发表时间：
2013-12
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Michael A. Niedzielski;M. Horner;N. Xiao
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Michael A. Niedzielski;M. Horner;N. Xiao
从经济、环境和社会可持续发展的角度来看，理解通勤出行模式仍然是规划者和政策制定者的重要关切。研究人员热衷于为大都市规模的规划工作提供信息，他们已经设计出了以区域通勤和土地使用现象为基准的方法。这些基准的基础是量化居家与工作的距离的指标，即工人相对于工作的总体安排。这些指标源于有关“过度通勤”和“工作住房平衡”的文献，这些指标正越来越多地转向政策应用。尽管过去十年在方法学上取得了重大进展，但一个关键的方法学问题仍然没有得到解决。最近在这一区域宏观尺度框架下开发的指标使用基于区域的空间数据(例如，人口普查区或交通分析区(TAZ))，因此，这些指标的值可能会受到比例尺(例如，不同的人口普查区与区域之间的区域大小不同)和分区划分方案的影响。此外，还不知道这些指标的值是否在不同的尺度上有所不同，并表现出自相似性，这意味着是否有可能从一个尺度到另一个尺度推断价值。这项研究通过在美国爱达荷州博伊西大都市区实施一套通勤指标来检验通勤效率框架和空间尺度问题之间的关系。利用地理信息系统(地理信息系统)、优化技术和分形分析进行的模拟表明，2002年后制定的新指标不随规模变化，而2002年前制定的指标随规模变化，但以可预测的方式变化。
Understanding journey to work travel patterns remains an important concern for planners and policy-makers from the viewpoint of economic, environmental, and social sustainability. Researchers, keen to inform metropolitan scale planning efforts, have devised ways of benchmarking regional commuting and land use phenomena. The foundation for these benchmarks rests on metrics that quantify the home-jobproximityin terms of the aggregate arrangement of workers relative to jobs. Emanating from the literature on ‘excess commuting’ and ‘jobs housing balance’, these metrics are increasingly moving towards policy applications. Despite major methodological developments over the last decade, a key methodological issue remains unresolved. Recently developed metrics under this regional macro-scale framework use zonal-based spatial data (e.g. census tracts or traffic analysis zones (TAZs)) and consequently the values of the metrics may be influenced by the scale (e.g. zone size varies between census blocks versus tracts) and zonal partitioning scheme. Moreover it is not known if values of these metrics vary across scale, and exhibit self-similarity, meaning whether it is possible to infer values from one scale to another. This study examines the relationship between the commuting efficiency framework and spatial scale issues by implementing a suite of commuting metrics in the Boise, Idaho USA metropolitan area. Simulations using geographic information systems (GIS), optimization techniques and fractal analysis show that newer metrics developed post 2002 do not vary with scale, while those devised pre-2002 vary with scale but do so in a predictable way.