Subjectivity and social constitution: Contrasting conceptions of institutions, artifacts, and animals.
Subjectivity and social constitution: Contrasting conceptions of institutions, artifacts, and animals.
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主体性和社会构成：制度、人工制品和动物的对比概念。
DOI：
10.1037/dev0001499
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Keil, Frank C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Noyes, Alexander;Dunham, Yarrow;Keil, Frank C.
我们系统地比较了关于动物（如狮子），人工（如锤子）和机构（如警察）类别的信念，旨在确定人们是否得出不同的推论哪些类别是主观的，哪些是社会构成的。我们对270名美国儿童进行了两项研究，年龄从4岁到10岁：140名女孩，129名男孩，1名未报告; 59%白色，3%黑人，10%亚洲人，1名美洲原住民，17%多种族或其他种族，11%未报告。我们还进行了两项研究，从亚马逊机械土耳其招募了360名美国成年人。在所有四项研究中，我们发现儿童和成年人判断机构类别比人工类别更具社会构成性（在所有研究中），但主观性较低（在四项研究中的三项中）。而年轻和年长的儿童的主观性的信念是相似的，年轻和年长的儿童表达了不同的信念社会宪法。幼儿判断没有类别域的社会构成;年龄较大的儿童区分三个域之间。这些结果支持主观性和社会宪法的概念独立性，并建议机构和文物的概念不同。
We systematically compared beliefs about animal (eg, lion), artifactual (eg, hammer), and institutional (eg, police officer) categories, aiming to identify whether people draw different inferences about which categories are subjective and which are socially constituted. We conducted two studies with 270 American children, ages 4 through 10: 140 girls, 129 boys, one not reported; 59% White, 3% Black, 10% Asian, one Native American, 17% multiracial or another race, 11% unreported. We also conducted two studies with 360 American adults recruited from Amazon mechanical Turk. In all four studies we found that children and adults judged institutional categories as more socially constituted than artifactual categories (in all studies) but as less subjective (in three of four studies). Whereas younger and older children’s beliefs about subjectivity were similar, younger and older children expressed different beliefs about social constitution. Young children judged none of the category domains as socially constituted; older children differentiated between the three domains. These results support the conceptual independence of subjectivity and social constitution and suggest that concepts of institutions and artifacts differ.