Skipjack (Katsuwonuspelamis) fishery improvement project: From satellite and 3D oceanographic models to acoustics, towards predator-prey landscapes
Skipjack (Katsuwonuspelamis) fishery improvement project: From satellite and 3D oceanographic models to acoustics, towards predator-prey landscapes
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鲣鱼 (Katsuwonuspelamis) 渔业改善项目：从卫星和 3D 海洋学模型到声学，再到捕食者-被捕食者景观
DOI：
10.1109/rioacoustics.2017.8349755
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. Llopart
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
L. A. S. Madureira;J. L. Coletto;M. Pinho;S. Weigert;C. Varela;M. E. S. Campello;A. Llopart
金枪鱼是食物和蛋白质的重要来源。在这类鱼类中，有7种占全球渔获量的90%，主要品种是鲣鱼（Katsuwonus pelamis），总产量超过300万吨。我们在巴西海岸开展了一个鲣鱼渔业改进项目，以提高杆子和线的捕捞方法的效率，这种方法被认为是捕捞这些鱼的可持续模式。我们从卫星图像和3D模型开始，以确定与海洋富集过程相关的更多产的渔场。同时，我们记录了3410条捕获记录位置的环境条件，了解了更多的鲣鱼偏好，以进一步提高我们的搜索技能。经过长时间的实验室观察，我们参加了一次钓鱼巡航，当时有可能观察到鲣鱼的捕捞量和回声记录。由于这些回声记录的强度，并且因为鲣鱼是一种无膀胱的鱼，我们调查了新鲜鱼的胃内容物，充满了新鲜的猎物。鲣鱼的胃里有大量的小灯笼鱼和小鳞鱼。灯笼鱼有游泳器，绿鳍鱼有油滴作为能量储备。因此，我们认为，根据胃饱腹的不同阶段，鲣鱼的靶力可能不同。我们以前在鲣鱼分布区的经验表明，我们可以使用比渔船上更先进的回声测深仪，很容易就能探测到灯笼鱼和大鳞鱼。像simmrad EK 80这样的现代多频率回声测深仪可以生成数字水柱回波图以及虚拟回波图。如果我们能从声学上识别捕食者和/或猎物，就有可能沿着调查区域产生捕食者-猎物景观。对每种类型的目标具有理想频率的虚拟回声图也可以生成虚拟的捕食者和猎物景观。更有效地监测捕食者和猎物的分布区可以提高捕获效率，节省化石燃料，减少二氧化碳排放。
Tuna are an important source of food and protein. Among this group of fishes, seven species represent 90% of the global catches and the main species is the skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis) with a total production of over three million ton. We worked on a Skipjack Fishery Improvement Project in the Brazilian Coast in order to increase efficiency of the pole and line catch method, considered a sustainable mode to catch these fishes. We started with satellite images and 3D models to identity more productive fishing grounds, associated to enrichment oceanographic processes. At the same time, we recorded environmental conditions at the position of 3,410 catch records and learned more about skipjack preferences in order to improve further our searching skills. After a long series of at lab observation, we participated on a fishing cruise when it was possible to observe skipjack catches and echo records. Due to the strength of these echo records and because skipjack is a bladderless fish we investigated stomach content of fresh fish, full of fresh prey. Skipjack stomachs contained large amounts of small lantern fish and euphausiids. Lantern fishes have swimbladers and euphausiids have oil droplets as energy reserves. We then suggest that skipjack target strength may be different depending on the stage of stomach fullness. Our previous experience in the skipjack distribution area, when we could use more sophisticated echosounders than the one we had on board the fishing vessel, showed that lantern fish and euphausiids can be quite easily detected. Modern multi-frequencies echosounders like SIMRAD EK 80 generate digital water column echograms as well as virtual echograms. If we can identify predator and/or prey acoustically it is possible to generate predator-prey landscapes along the surveyed areas. Virtual echograms with ideal frequencies to each type of target may also generate virtual predator prey landscapes. Monitoring more efficiently predator and prey patches may improve catch efficiency and save fossil fuel reducing CO2 emissions.