A numerical study of slope and fuel structure effects on coupled wildfire behaviour
A numerical study of slope and fuel structure effects on coupled wildfire behaviour
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DOI：
10.1071/wf07120
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Edminster, Carleton
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Linn, Rodman R.;Winterkamp, Judith L.;Edminster, Carleton
坡度和燃料结构通常被认为是影响野火行为的主要因素。然而，根据燃料床的不同，坡度对火灾的影响也可能不同。FIRETEC在平坦地形和上坡地形上对三种不同的燃料层进行了六次模拟，以检验这种可能性。燃料床类似于草地、灌木林和黄松林，以这样一种方式创建，即有两个特定的位置，周围有相同的当地燃料床。这些燃料床分别用于平坦地形模拟和理想丘陵模拟，以隔离地形的影响，而不需要使用不同的当地燃料。在这些模拟中，无论是在平坦的地面上还是在理想的平坦丘陵地形上，燃料床特性对火灾的蔓延速度和周长形状都有显著的影响。分析表明，即使在平坦的地面上，这些模拟火灾也会随着它们在不同地点之间的移动而演变，影响火灾的加速和减速发生在不同的时间和速率，这取决于燃料床。这些模拟和分析的结果表明，尽管某些一般原理适用于所有燃料床，但不同燃料床对非均匀地形的反应方式有所不同。
Slope and fuel structure are commonly accepted as major factors affecting theway wildfires behave. However, it is possible that slope affects fire differently depending on the fuel bed. Six FIRETEC simulations using three different fuel beds on flat and upslope topography were used to examine this possibility. Fuel beds resembling grass, chaparral, and ponderosa pine forests were created in such a way that there were two specific locations with identical local fuel beds located around them. These fuel beds were each used for a flat-terrain simulation and an idealised-hill simulation in order to isolate the impacts of the topography without the complications of having different local fuels. In these simulations, fuel bed characteristics have a significant effect on the spread rate and perimeter shape of the fires on both flat ground and on the idealised smooth hill topography. The analysis showed that these simulated fires evolved as they travelled between the locations even on flat ground, and the accelerations and decelerations that affect the fire occurred at different times and at different rates depending on the fuel bed. The results of these simulations and analyses indicate that though some general principles are true for all fuel beds, there are differences in the way that fires react to non-homogeneous topographies depending on the fuel bed.