Perennial Arachis spp. as a Multipurpose Living Mulch, Ground Cover and Forage
Perennial Arachis spp. as a Multipurpose Living Mulch, Ground Cover and Forage
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多年生花生属植物。
DOI：
10.1300/j068v07n02_12
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发表时间：
2001
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Maharanie Codallo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
H. Bryan;A. Abdul;J. Reeves;L. Carrera;W. Klassen;G. Zinati;Maharanie Codallo
从1997年到1999年，在热带研究和教育中心对16个多年生牧草花生品种进行了评价。IFAS，佛罗里达州宅基地。评价的重点是对南佛罗里达土壤和气候条件的适应性，并包括多用途覆盖作物的理想标准，这些作物可用作免耕蔬菜生产田和果园的活覆盖物、动物饲料以及沿着高速公路坡道和人行道的观赏性地面覆盖物。对平托花生A. pintoi Krapov。& W.C. Gregory，加上IRFL 6968在低肥力的石灰性土壤中生长良好，肥料少，灌溉少，没有农药。将它们与“Florigraze”根茎花生（A. glabrata Benth.）在所有使用的评价标准中。在种植后31个月，林分已经建立良好。31个月时，所选材料的生物量产量范围为12.0至21.5公吨公顷。植物部分的干生物量中的氮含量为：地下生长中的1.8至2.2%;匍匐茎中的1.4至2.1%;绿色小叶中的2.2至3.4%;以及衰老叶中的2.1至2.4%。植株各部位的粗蛋白含量均表现出这种规律，以绿色叶片的粗蛋白含量最高（17.6%~ 22.8%）。植物组织碳含量没有变化很大的植物组分之间，也没有加入，范围从37.8%（IRFL 7154的衰老叶片）到45.4%（“Florigraze”地下生长）。绿色小叶的半纤维素含量从“Amarillo”的12.8%变化到IRFL 6961的27.2%。茎和匍匐茎中的半纤维素含量从IRFL 6968的16.5%到'Amarillo'的25.8%不等。这些植物组织特性反映了在南佛罗里达作为活覆盖物、饲料和植物的多年生花生的有利特性。加入之间的形态和生化特性的广泛差异表明，主要的遗传差异存在于可用的种质，这应该允许育种和释放的品种具有许多理想的特性。
ABSTRACT From 1997 to 1999, 16 cultivars/accessions of perennial forage Arachis sp. were evaluated at the Tropical Research and Education Center. IFAS, Homestead, FL. Evaluation focused on adaptability to soil and climatic conditions of south Florida and included criteria deemed desirable for a multipurpose cover crop that might be used as a living mulch in no-till vegetable production fields and orchards, forage for animal feeding, and ornamental ground cover along highway ramps and sidewalks. Four cultivars/accessions of Pinto's peanut, A. pintoi Krapov. & W.C. Gregory, plus IRFL 6968 grew well in the low-fertility calcareous soils with minimal fertilizer, minimal irrigation and no pesticide. They were compared with ‘Florigraze’ rhizoma peanut (A. glabrata Benth.) in all the evaluation criteria used. The stands had become well established 31 months after planting. Biomass yields for the selected accessions at 31 months ranged from 12.0 to 21.5 mt ha−1. Nitrogen content in the dry biomass of plant parts was: 1.8 to 2.2% in below ground growth; 1.4 to 2.1 % in stolons; 2.2 to 3.4% in green leaflets; and 2.1 to 2.4% in senescing leaves. Crude protein (CP) content of plant parts followed this pattern and was highest (17.6 to 22.8%) in green leaflets. Plant tissue carbon content did not vary much between plant fractions nor between accessions, ranging from 37.8% (senescing leaves of IRFL 7154) to 45.4% ('Florigraze' below ground growth). Hemicellulose content of green leaflets varied from 12.8% in ‘Amarillo’ to 27.2% in IRFL 6961. Hemicellulose in the stems and stolons ranged from 16.5% in IRFL 6968 to 25.8% in ‘Amarillo’. These plant tissue properties reflect favorable perennial Arachis characteristics for use as living mulches, forages, and ornamentals in south Florida. The wide differences in morphological and biochemical properties among accessions suggest that major genetic differences exist in the available germplasm, which should permit breeding and release of cultivars with many desirable characteristics.