In-situ and operando spectroscopies for the characterization of catalysts and of mechanisms of catalytic reactions
In-situ and operando spectroscopies for the characterization of catalysts and of mechanisms of catalytic reactions
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jcat.2021.08.013
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发表时间：
2021-08
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
F. Zaera
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
F. Zaera
几乎自从催化剂成为工业化学过程的一部分以来，人们就一直在努力了解催化在分子水平上的工作原理。米歇尔·布达特（Michel Boudart）等先驱者意识到，这一目标需要能够在现实环境下原位探测催化系统，或者在催化过程发生时以操作模式探测催化系统。此后发生了很多事情，现在有许多光谱仪可用于此目的。在这里，我们引用了最重要的一些，包括振动光谱，例如红外吸收、拉曼和其他非线性光学排列、X 射线吸收和核磁共振。我们还介绍了一些用于模型催化系统研究的表面敏感探针。对于每种技术，我们简要讨论它们的优点和缺点，并通过文献中的几个最新示例说明它们的使用。
For almost as long as catalysts have been part of industrial chemical processes, there has been a parallel effort to understand how catalysis works at a molecular level. Pioneers such as Michel Boudart, to whom this Mini-Review is dedicated, realized that such a goal requires the ability to probe catalytic systems eitherin situunder realistic environments or inoperandomode as the catalytic processes occur. Much has happened since, and a number of spectroscopies are now available for this purpose. Here we reference the most salient ones, including vibrational spectroscopies such as infrared absorption, Raman, and other non-linear optical arrangements, X-ray absorption, and NMR. We also introduce some surface-sensitive probes used for studies with model catalytic systems. For each of these techniques, we briefly discuss their advantages and disadvantages, and illustrate their use with a couple of recent examples from the literature.