Succinct Zero Knowledge for Floating Point Computations

Succinct Zero Knowledge for Floating Point Computations
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浮点计算的简洁零知识

DOI:
10.1145/3548606.3560653
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
2022 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Zhang, Yinuo
Zhang, Yinuo
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Garg, Sanjam;Jain, Abhishek;Jin, Zhengzhong;Zhang, Yinuo

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本文研究了浮点计算中构造简洁的零知识证明系统的问题。处理浮点计算的标准方法需要转换为二进制电路,遵循IEEE-754浮点标准。这种方法在w位精度计算的证明器效率中产生了poly(w)开销,导致非常高的证明器运行时间-已经是简洁参数设计中的关键瓶颈。我们作出以下贡献:-我们提出了一个新的模型验证浮点计算,保证近似正确性w.r.t.相对误差界。该模型受数值分析的启发,对机器学习和科学计算等应用具有重要意义。使用这个模型,我们提出了一种通用方法,从现有的公共硬币“提交和证明”系统开始,为浮点计算构建简洁的零知识证明。对于具有w位精度的计算,我们的方法在证明器运行时间中仅产生log(w)开销。我们的编译器几乎保留(高达2倍)的底层协议的通信复杂性,并需要次线性验证时间。由此产生的证明可以在随机预言模型中进行非交互式。具体地说,我们的方案比完全遵循IEEE标准[35]的32位浮点计算方法快约57倍。中央我们的主要结果,和独立的利益,是一个新的批量范围证明系统在标准的素数阶组,不依赖于位分解。
We study the problem of constructing succinct zero knowledge proof systems for floating point computations. The standard approach to handle floating point computations requires conversion to binary circuits, following the IEEE-754 floating point standard. This approach incurs a poly(w) overhead in prover efficiency for computations with w-bit precision, resulting in very high prover runtimes -- already the key bottleneck in the design of succinct arguments. We make the following contributions: -We propose a new model for verifying floating point computations that guarantees approximate correctness w.r.t. a relative error bound. This model is inspired by numerical analysis, and is very meaningful for applications such as machine learning and scientific computing. -Using this model, we present a general method for constructing succinct zero-knowledge proofs for floating point computations starting from existing public-coin "commit-and-prove'' systems. For computations with w-bit precision, our approach incurs only a log(w) overhead in prover running time. Our compiler nearly preserves (up to a factor of 2) the communication complexity of the underlying protocol, and requires sub-linear verification time. The resulting proof can be made non-interactive in the random oracle model. Concretely, our scheme is ~57x faster than the method following IEEE standard exactly [35] for 32-bit floating point computations. Central to our main result, and of independent interest, is a new batch range proof system in standard prime order groups that does not rely on bit decomposition.
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