Exploiting the behaviour of wild malaria vectors to achieve high infection with fungal biocontrol agents
Exploiting the behaviour of wild malaria vectors to achieve high infection with fungal biocontrol agents
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DOI：
10.1186/1475-2875-11-87
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发表时间：
2012-03-26
期刊：
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Koenraadt, Constantianus J. M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mnyone, Ladslaus L.;Lyimo, Issa N.;Koenraadt, Constantianus J. M.
背景：控制传播疟疾的蚊子一直是防治疟疾的主要手段，但鉴于正在出现的杀虫剂耐药性，需要其他方法。昆虫病原真菌是候选的替代品，但迄今为止，很少有试验将这些药物的使用转化为实地评估它们对蚊子生存和疟疾风险的实际影响。利用五种不同的技术应用了昆虫病原真菌绿僵菌和球孢白僵菌的矿物油配方，每种技术都利用了疟疾蚊子进入坦桑尼亚农村疟疾流行地区的实验小屋、寻找宿主或休息时的行为。结果：通过附在屋檐上的经真菌处理过的挡板或在被占用的蚊帐周围施用经真菌处理过的表面（蚊帐条设计）迫使蚊子向上进入室内后，蚊子的存活率相对于对照降低了39-57%。此外，68 - 76%的处理蚊显示出真菌生长，因此与真菌处理过的表面有充分的接触。疟疾-蚊子相互作用的种群动态模型表明，由于真菌感染对成人死亡率的影响，这些感染率将疟疾传播降低了75-80%。该模型还表明，即使高比例的蚊子表现出户外叮咬行为，疟疾传播仍然显著减少。结论：昆虫病原真菌对蚊虫生存影响较大，对疟疾传播有较高的预测影响。这些昆虫病原体是疟疾控制的一种可行替代方法，特别是如果将它们作为病媒综合管理战略的一部分使用。
Background: Control of mosquitoes that transmit malaria has been the mainstay in the fight against the disease, but alternative methods are required in view of emerging insecticide resistance. Entomopathogenic fungi are candidate alternatives, but to date, few trials have translated the use of these agents to field-based evaluations of their actual impact on mosquito survival and malaria risk. Mineral oil-formulations of the entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana were applied using five different techniques that each exploited the behaviour of malaria mosquitoes when entering, host-seeking or resting in experimental huts in a malaria endemic area of rural Tanzania.Results: Survival of mosquitoes was reduced by 39-57% relative to controls after forcing upward house-entry of mosquitoes through fungus treated baffles attached to the eaves or after application of fungus-treated surfaces around an occupied bed net (bed net strip design). Moreover, 68 to 76% of the treatment mosquitoes showed fungal growth and thus had sufficient contact with fungus treated surfaces. A population dynamic model of malaria-mosquito interactions shows that these infection rates reduce malaria transmission by 75-80% due to the effect of fungal infection on adult mortality alone. The model also demonstrated that even if a high proportion of the mosquitoes exhibits outdoor biting behaviour, malaria transmission was still significantly reduced.Conclusions: Entomopathogenic fungi strongly affect mosquito survival and have a high predicted impact on malaria transmission. These entomopathogens represent a viable alternative for malaria control, especially if they are used as part of an integrated vector management strategy.