Brain orexin promotes obesity resistance
Brain orexin promotes obesity resistance
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06585.x
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Billington, Charles
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kotz, Catherine;Nixon, Joshua;Billington, Charles
对肥胖的抵抗力正在成为一种例外而不是常态，如果我们要找到扭转这一趋势的新方法，了解导致一些人在肥胖环境中保持苗条的机制至关重要。能量摄入和身体活动水平都有助于体重管理，但对大多数人来说，要在这两个因素中做出重大的长期改变是具有挑战性的。正式锻炼之外的身体活动，也称为日常生活活动，严格来说，自发身体活动（SPA），可能是预防肥胖的一个有吸引力的可修改变量。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了SPA和NEAT（非运动产热，或SPA消耗的能量）的个体差异及其与肥胖抵抗的关系。下丘脑神经肽食欲素（hypocretin）可能在调节SPA和NEAT中起关键作用。我们讨论了如何提高食欲素信号转导能力，在一个大脑网络的背景下，调制SPA，可能发挥重要作用，在SPA和NEAT定义个体变异。这种SPA网络的更大激活导致脂肪量增加的倾向更低，因此可能是肥胖预防和治疗的有吸引力的靶点。
Resistance to obesity is becoming an exception rather than the norm, and understanding mechanisms that lead some to remain lean in spite of an obesigenic environment is critical if we are to find new ways to reverse this trend. Levels of energy intake and physical activity both contribute to body weight management, but it is challenging for most to adopt major long-term changes in either factor. Physical activity outside of formal exercise, also referred to as activity of daily living, and in stricter form, spontaneous physical activity (SPA), may be an attractive modifiable variable for obesity prevention. In this review, we discuss individual variability in SPA and NEAT (nonexercise thermogenesis, or the energy expended by SPA) and its relationship to obesity resistance. The hypothalamic neuropeptide orexin (hypocretin) may play a key role in regulating SPA and NEAT. We discuss how elevated orexin signaling capacity, in the context of a brain network modulating SPA, may play a major role in defining individual variability in SPA and NEAT. Greater activation of this SPA network leads to a lower propensity for fat mass gain and therefore may be an attractive target for obesity prevention and therapy.