Nucleolin mediates SARS-CoV-2 replication and viral-induced apoptosis of host cells.

Nucleolin mediates SARS-CoV-2 replication and viral-induced apoptosis of host cells.
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核苷介导SARS-COV-2复制和病毒诱导的宿主细胞凋亡。

DOI:
10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105550
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发表时间:
2023-03
期刊:
影响因子:
7.6
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
医学2区
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--
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面向宿主的抗病毒疗法是对抗 COVID-19 及其新兴变体的有前途的治疗选择。然而,人们对 SARS-CoV-2 劫持的细胞蛋白及其复制知之甚少。在这里,我们表明 SARS-CoV-2 诱导核仁蛋白核仁蛋白 (NCL) 的表达和细胞质易位。 NCL 与 SARS-CoV-2 病毒蛋白相互作用,并与核仁和应激颗粒中的 N 蛋白共定位。 NCL 的敲低会降低应激颗粒成分 G3BP1、病毒复制并提高受感染宿主细胞的存活率。 NCL 通过 p53 介导病毒诱导的细胞凋亡和应激反应。 SARS-CoV-2 会增加受感染仓鼠肺部的 NCL 表达以及核仁大小和数量。使用适体 AS-1411 抑制 NCL 可减少病毒复制和受感染细胞的凋亡。这些结果表明核仁素是抗新冠病毒治疗的合适靶点。核仁素介导的SARS-CoV-2感染机制: 1. SARS-CoV-2诱导核仁素从核仁向细胞质易位;在细胞质中,核仁素与应激颗粒中的病毒核蛋白和宿主 G3BP1 相互作用,并通过直接增加复制蛋白(例如 G3BP1 (2)、核蛋白和 RdRp (3))的翻译来增加病毒增殖;核仁素通过刺激 p53 和 Rb 介导病毒诱导细胞凋亡 (4) 和细胞周期停滞 (5)。核仁素介导的SARS-CoV-2感染机制: 1. SARS-CoV-2诱导核仁素从核仁向细胞质易位;在细胞质中,核仁素与应激颗粒中的病毒核蛋白和宿主 G3BP1 相互作用,并通过直接增加复制蛋白(例如 G3BP1 (2)、核蛋白和 RdRp (3))的翻译来增加病毒增殖;核仁素通过刺激 p53 和 Rb 介导病毒诱导细胞凋亡 (4) 和细胞周期停滞 (5)。
Host-oriented antiviral therapeutics are promising treatment options to combat COVID-19 and its emerging variants. However, relatively little is known about the cellular proteins hijacked by SARS-CoV-2 for its replication. Here we show that SARS-CoV-2 induces expression and cytoplasmic translocation of the nucleolar protein, nucleolin (NCL). NCL interacts with SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins and co-localizes with N-protein in the nucleolus and in stress granules. Knockdown of NCL decreases the stress granule component G3BP1, viral replication and improved survival of infected host cells. NCL mediates viral-induced apoptosis and stress response via p53. SARS-CoV-2 increases NCL expression and nucleolar size and number in lungs of infected hamsters. Inhibition of NCL with the aptamer AS-1411 decreases viral replication and apoptosis of infected cells. These results suggest nucleolin as a suitable target for anti-COVID therapies. Mechanisms of nucleolin-mediated SARS-CoV-2 infection: 1. SARS-CoV-2 induces nucleolar to cytoplasmic translocation of nucleolin; In the cytoplasm, nucleolin interacts with the viral nucleoprotein and host G3BP1 in stress granules and increases viral proliferation via a direct increase in translation of replication proteins such as G3BP1 (2), nucleoprotein and RdRp (3); Nucleolin mediates viral-induction of apoptosis (4) and cell cycle arrest (5) via stimulation of p53 and Rb. Mechanisms of nucleolin-mediated SARS-CoV-2 infection: 1. SARS-CoV-2 induces nucleolar to cytoplasmic translocation of nucleolin; In the cytoplasm, nucleolin interacts with the viral nucleoprotein and host G3BP1 in stress granules and increases viral proliferation via a direct increase in translation of replication proteins such as G3BP1 (2), nucleoprotein and RdRp (3); Nucleolin mediates viral-induction of apoptosis (4) and cell cycle arrest (5) via stimulation of p53 and Rb.
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