The Function of the Mammal Extrinsic Tongue Musculature in the Transition from Suckling to Drinking.
The Function of the Mammal Extrinsic Tongue Musculature in the Transition from Suckling to Drinking.
复制标题
哺乳动物外在舌头肌肉组织在从哺乳到饮水过渡中的功能。
DOI：
10.1093/icb/icad023
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Mayerl,CJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Steer,KE;Johnson,ML;Adjerid,K;Bond,LE;Howe,SP;Khalif,A;Nkachukwu,KC;Edmonds,CE;German,RZ;Mayerl,CJ
从吮吸到饮用的转变是所有哺乳动物都会经历的发育途径。在这两种行为中，舌头是参与获取，运输和吞咽液体的主要结构。然而，这两个过程是根本不同的：在吮吸过程中，舌头必须像泵一样产生吸力来移动牛奶，而在饮用过程中，舌头通过口腔前后移动以获取和移动水。尽管有这些基本的差异，我们对这些行为之间舌头的作用如何变化知之甚少。我们使用了一个婴儿猪模型来研究解剖学，生理学和舌头的功能之间的关系，以研究如何调节从婴儿期到成年期的过渡中的舌功能。我们发现，虽然有些肌肉在出生时比例最大，但其他肌肉在断奶时比例更大。此外，我们发现，在吮吸和饮水沿着的中间和前后轴的舌运动的变化，导致两种行为之间的舌变形的差异。舌外肌在饮水和哺乳时的功能变化也不同。颏舌肌的活动增加，并打开和关闭在饮酒期间的周期较早，而舌骨舌肌发射在较低的幅度在饮酒期间，并打开和关闭在周期后期。总而言之，这些数据凸显了哺乳动物在幼年时控制舌头对高神经可塑性的显着需求，并表明这样做的能力是这些动物个体发育和进食进化的关键。
The transition from suckling to drinking is a developmental pathway that all mammals take. In both behaviors, the tongue is the primary structure involved in acquiring, transporting, and swallowing the liquid. However, the two processes are fundamentally different: during suckling, the tongue must function as a pump to generate suction to move milk, whereas during drinking, the tongue moves backwards and forwards through the mouth to acquire and move water. Despite these fundamental differences, we have little understanding of how tongues role varies between these behaviors. We used an infant pig model to investigate the relationships between anatomy, physiology, and function of the tongue to examine how lingual function is modulated in the transition from infancy to adulthood. We found that while some muscles were proportionally largest at birth, others were proportionally larger at the time of weaning. Furthermore, we found variation in tongue movements between suckling and drinking along both the mediolateral and anteroposterior axes, resulting in differences in tongue deformation between the two behaviors. The extrinsic tongue muscles also changed in function differently between drinking and suckling. Genioglossus increased its activity and turned on and off earlier in the cycle during drinking, whereas hyoglossus fired at lower amplitudes during drinking, and turned on and off later in the cycle. Together, the data highlight the significant need for high neuroplasticity in the control of the tongue at a young age in mammals and suggest that the ability to do so is key in the ontogeny and evolution of feeding in these animals.