A phantom ultrasonic insect chorus repels low‐flying bats, but most are undeterred
A phantom ultrasonic insect chorus repels low‐flying bats, but most are undeterred
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幻影超声波昆虫合唱团击退了低空飞行的蝙蝠，但大多数蝙蝠都没有被吓倒
DOI：
10.1111/1365-2435.13933
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Barber, Jesse R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sedlock, Jodi L.;Gomes, Dylan G. E.;Rubin, Juliette J.;Woody, Sarah;Hadi, Buyung A. R.;Barber, Jesse R.
声学环境可以作为一个生态位轴，通过提供或掩盖显著的信息来组织动物的行为。草甸螳螂合唱占据了超声波领域，但对这种声学环境的研究较少，在一些栖息地形成了密集的种群，并对共生的超声波听力动物构成了潜在的感官挑战。空中叫卖的食虫蝙蝠立即在植被上觅食，必须在大合唱中倾听它们猎物的回声和其他线索。我们在一片没有知更鸟的稻田里，使用100个超声波扬声器聚集在一个25英寸×25米的网格中，实验性地创造了猫鼬合唱的刺耳声音，以检验空中叫卖蝙蝠不喜欢这个噪音源的假设。我们每小时在开启合唱和关闭合唱之间进行切换，并对蝙蝠的活动和节肢动物猎物丰富度进行声学监测。我们发现，对于叫声频谱与合唱完全重叠的物种，我们的幻影鼬合唱使离声源最近的蝙蝠活动减少了39.3%(95%CI：7.8%-60.0%)，并导致只有部分频谱重叠的物种的活动略有减少。我们的研究表明，超声波昆虫的合唱破坏了蝙蝠的觅食栖息地，潜在地抑制了蝙蝠作为害虫消费者的生态系统服务；而且，鉴于草甸猫鼬的全球分布，可能会提供一种被低估的力量来改变其他草原栖息地的动物行为。免费的简单语言摘要可以在本文的支持信息中找到。
The acoustic environment can serve as a niche axis, structuring animal behaviour by providing or obscuring salient information. Meadow katydid choruses occupy the ultrasonic, less studied, realm of this acoustic milieu, form dense populations in some habitats and present a potential sensory challenge to co‐occurring ultrasonic‐hearing animals. Aerial‐hawking insectivorous bats foraging immediately over vegetation must listen for echoes of their prey and other cues amidst the chorus din.We experimentally created the cacophony of a katydid chorus in a katydid‐free rice paddy using an aggregation of 100 ultrasonic speakers in a 25 × 25 m grid to test the hypothesis that aerially hawking bats are averse to this noise source. We alternated between chorus‐on and chorus‐off hourly, and acoustically monitored bat activity and arthropod prey abundance.We found that our phantom katydid chorus reduced bat activity nearest the sound source by 39.3% (95% CI: 7.8%–60.0%) for species whose call spectrum fully overlapped with the chorus, and elicited marginal reductions in activity in species with only partial spectral overlap.Our study suggests that ultrasonic insect choruses degrade foraging habitat, potentially suppressing bats’ ecosystem services as consumers of pests; and, given the global distribution of meadow katydids, may provide an underappreciated force modifying animal behaviour in other grassland habitats.A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.