Of time and consensual norms in the Supreme Court
Of time and consensual norms in the Supreme Court
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最高法院的时间和共识规范
DOI：
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发表时间：
1998
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Christopher Zorn
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gregory A. Caldeira;Christopher Zorn
理论：我们认为，美国最高法院的一致意见和不同意见是“协商一致的规范”的功能。这些规范源于法官个人的行为，并受其影响，包括首席法官的行为。反过来，它们会导致共识和异议围绕一个共同的水平波动。假设：如果协商一致的规范对最高法院的行为有实质性影响，那么最高法院的长期一致和不同意见的程度将有很大差异，而且在不同的首席大法官领导下会有不同程度的影响。方法：采用协整分析和纠错分析方法，对1800-1991年间最高法院有赞成意见和反对意见的案件进行统计分析，验证我们的假设。由于20世纪40年代一致和不同意见的急剧增加，我们利用最近开发的方法来检测存在结构突变的协整关系。结果：与我们的预期一致，异议和一致意见随着时间的推移一起移动；因此，协商一致的规范似乎对法院的一致意见和反对意见都有很大影响。从长远来看，在不同的首席大法官领导下，这些规范的影响是不同的。
Theory: We argue that levels of concurrence and dissent on the U.S. Supreme Court are functions of "consensual norms." These norms arise from, and are influenced by, the behaviors of the individual justices, including the actions of the chief justices. In turn, they cause concurrences and dissents to fluctuate around a common level. Hypotheses: If consensual norms are a substantial influence on the behavior of the Court, the long-run extent of concurrence and dissent on the Court will covary substantially, and will do so to varying degrees under different chief justices. Methods: To test our hypotheses, we use cointegration and error-correction analyses of the number of Supreme Court cases from 1800 to 1991 with concurring and dissenting opinions. Because of the dramatic increase in concurrences and dissents during the 1940s, we make use of recently-developed methods for detecting cointegrating relationships in the presence of structural breaks. Results: Consistent with our expectations, dissents and concurrences move together over time; thus consensual norms appear to influence substantially both concurrences and dissents on the Court. The effects of such norms vary in the long term under different Chief Justices.