Achieving food and environmental security: new approaches to close the gap

Achieving food and environmental security: new approaches to close the gap
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实现粮食和环境安全:缩小差距的新方法

DOI:
10.1098/rstb.2012.0272
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发表时间:
2014
期刊:
Biological Sciences
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Poppy G
Poppy G
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Poppy G

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在“完美风暴”的情况下实现粮食安全是社会面临的巨大挑战。除非到 2030 年粮食供应增加 50%,能源增加 50%,淡水供应增加 30%,否则预计将出现一场“完美风暴”,全球范围内所有这些都将同时短缺 [1]。当气候变化和不断增长的全球人口共同作用时,这将成为一个更加“棘手的问题”,使实现全球粮食安全的挑战变得更加复杂和艰巨。粮食安全“只有当所有人在任何时候都能够在物质上和经济上获得充足、安全和有营养的食物,以满足他们积极健康生活的饮食需求和食物偏好时,粮食安全才存在”[2,《行动计划》第 12 号。 1]。它由四个因素决定:(i) 可用性(来自农业生产和土地使用或交换);(ii) 供应的稳定性(例如季节性和每年);(iii) 获取(取决于财政手段,但也取决于实际获取和社会因素); (iv) 食品的生物利用(例如营养多样性和食品安全问题)[3]。据估计,近 10 亿人因缺乏常量营养素而面临饥饿 [4],另有 10 亿人缺乏足够的微量营养素,导致健康和发展结果不佳 [5]。
Achieving food security in a ‘perfect storm’scenario is a grand challenge for society. Unless 50% more food, 50% more energy and 30% more freshwater are available by 2030, a ‘perfect storm’is envisaged where there would be simultaneous shortages of all of these on a global scale [1]. This becomes an even more ‘wicked problem’when climate change and an expanding global population act in concert, making the challenge of achieving global food security even more complex and demanding.Food security ‘exists when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life’[2, Plan of Action no. 1]. It is determined by four factors:(i) availability (from agricultural production and land-use or exchange);(ii) stability of supplies (eg seasonally and from year to year);(iii) access (dependent on financial means but also physical access and social factors); and (iv) biological utilization of food (eg nutritional diversity and food safety issues)[3]. It is estimated that almost one billion people face hunger through lack of macronutrients [4], and a further one billion lack sufficient micronutrients, leading to both negative health and development outcomes [5].
将粮食产量翻一番以养活 90 亿人:对英国粮食安全关键话题的批判性视角
DOI: --
发表时间: 2013
期刊:
影响因子: --
作者:
I. Tomlinson
通讯作者: I. Tomlinson
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2012.0274
发表时间: 2014-04-05
期刊: Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences
影响因子: --
作者:
Beachy RN
通讯作者: Beachy RN
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0491
发表时间: 2014-04-05
期刊: Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences
影响因子: --
作者:
Jepson PC;Guzy M;Blaustein K;Sow M;Sarr M;Mineau P;Kegley S
通讯作者: Kegley S