Emerging and legacy flame retardants in indoor dust from East China.
Emerging and legacy flame retardants in indoor dust from East China.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.08.038
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发表时间：
2017-11
期刊：
影响因子：
8.8
通讯作者：
Changfeng Peng;Hongli Tan;Ying Guo;Yan Wu;Da Chen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Changfeng Peng;Hongli Tan;Ying Guo;Yan Wu;Da Chen
为了了解中国东部最大的大都市地区（上海市）的人类暴露于粉尘相关的阻燃剂，我们的研究确定了住宅，汽车和大学计算机实验室粉尘中的一套传统和新兴阻燃剂。结果表明，无论微环境如何，有机磷酸盐阻燃剂（OPFRs）始终优于多溴二苯醚（PBDEs）和其他替代阻燃剂（AFR）。除OPFR外，还经常检测到一些替代阻燃剂，如十溴二苯基乙烷（DBDPE）、四溴苯甲酸2-乙基己酯（EH-TBB）、双（2-乙基己基）-3，4，5，6-四溴苯甲酸酯（BEH-TEBP）和1，2-双（2，4，6-三溴苯氧基）乙烷（BTBPE）。其中，十溴二苯乙烷的浓度与多溴二苯醚的浓度相当。与国际研究的比较表明，上海住宅（卧室和起居室）中多溴二苯醚的浓度（0.2-12.3微克/克干重）和有机磷氟化合物的浓度（3.8-165.5微克/克干重）一般处于世界范围内报告的浓度范围的中间值，而与大多数其他国家或地区相比，观察到的十溴二苯乙烷浓度（0.1-9.5微克/克干重）较高。来自本研究的房屋灰尘中的OPFR成分也不同于来自许多其他国家的那些。这表明，市场对阻燃剂的数量和类型的需求存在区域间差异。人类摄入量估计表明，与成人相比，幼儿的暴露量较高，尽管个别阻燃剂的每日摄入量估计值通常比参考剂量低2-4个数量级。这项初步研究的结果为今后评估华东地区新出现的阻燃剂的来源和归宿以及相关的人类暴露风险提供了一个基线。
To understand human exposure to dust-associated flame retardants in the biggest metropolitan area (city of Shanghai) of East China, our study determined a suite of legacy and emerging flame retardants in dust from dwellings, cars, and university computer labs. The results exhibited a consistent dominance of organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) over polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and other alternative flame retardants (AFRs) regardless of microenvironments. In addition to OPFRs, some alternative flame retardants, such as decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE), 2-ethylhexyltetrabromobenzoate (EH-TBB), bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrabromobenzoate (BEH-TEBP), and 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE), were also frequently detected. Among them, DBDPE exhibited concentrations comparable to those of PBDEs. Comparison with international studies indicated that concentrations of ∑PBDEs (0.2–12.3 μg/g dry weight or dw) and ∑OPFRs (3.8–165.5 μg/g dw) from Shanghai dwellings (bedroom and living room) were generally in the middle of concentration ranges reported worldwide, whereas elevated DBDPE concentrations (0.1–9.5 μg/g dw) was observed compared with most other countries or regions. OPFR compositions in house dust from this study also differed from those from many other countries. This suggested inter-regional differences in market demands on the quantities and types of flame retardants. Human intake estimation suggested elevated exposure for toddlers when compared with adults, although the daily intake estimations of individual flame retardants were generally 2–4 orders of magnitude lower than the reference doses. The findings from this preliminary study developed a baseline for future evaluation of the sources and fate of emerging flame retardants and related human exposure risks in East China.