A multilevel sustainability analysis of zinc recovery from wastes
A multilevel sustainability analysis of zinc recovery from wastes
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DOI：
10.1016/j.resconrec.2016.05.013
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发表时间：
2016-10
影响因子：
13.2
通讯作者：
K. S. Ng;I. Head;G. Premier;K. Scott;E. Yu;J. Lloyd;J. Sadhukhan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. S. Ng;I. Head;G. Premier;K. Scott;E. Yu;J. Lloyd;J. Sadhukhan
随着人口的增加，废物的产生也在增加，为了控制和减轻物质（如锌和铜等重金属）的环境排放，法规变得更加严格。从废物中回收这些资源是工业的主要兴趣。本文的目的是对废液锌回收的可持续性和可行性进行评价。在循环经济中，废物资源回收战略的可持续性和可行性取决于避免对环境的影响，以及尽可能利用现有基础设施将环境污染物转化为有价值的资源，例如作为副产品。本研究首次全面概述了锌的二次来源和回收过程，通过桑基图按国家、区域和全球划分的锌库存分析，以及锌排放监管政策和避免锌回收对环境的影响。对两个有代表性的案例进行了进一步的经济可行性分析，分别从(1)炼钢粉尘和(2)城市生活垃圾中回收锌。估算了各种炼钢工艺产生的粉尘中锌的含量和价值。炼钢工业部门（电弧炉）在工厂、国家（英国）、地区（欧盟）和全球层面的额外收入分别为11,12,169和16.70亿吨/年，或19 - 143,20 - 157、287-2203和2834 - 217.4亿欧元/年。第二个案例研究涉及城市生活垃圾的综合机械生物处理（MBT）系统，包括金属回收技术、厌氧消化、垃圾衍生燃料（RDF）焚烧和热电联产（CHP）发电。采用一种有效的经济价值分析方法对综合主战坦克系统的技术经济可行性进行了分析。价值分析表明，在综合MBT系统中回收1吨锌可以产生500欧元的额外经济利润，使其整体经济利润提高9%。
As waste generation increases with increasing population, regulations become stricter to control and mitigate environmental emissions of substances, e.g. heavy metals such as zinc and copper. Recovering these resources from wastes is the key interest of industries. The objective of this paper is the sustainability and feasibility evaluations of zinc recovery from waste streams. Sustainability and feasibility of a resource recovery strategy from wastes in a circular economy are governed by avoided environmental impacts and cost-effective transformation of an environmental contaminant into a valuable resource, e.g. as a coproduct by making use of an existing infrastructure as much as possible. This study, for the first time, gives a comprehensive overview of secondary sources and processes of recovering zinc, its stock analysis by country, regional and global divisions by a Sankey diagram, policies to regulate zinc emissions and avoided environmental impacts by zinc recovery. Two representative cases are further investigated for economic feasibility analysis of zinc recovery from (1) steelmaking dust and (2) municipal solid waste (MSW). The amount and value of zinc that can be generated from dust emitted from various steelmaking technologies are estimated. Additional revenues for the steelmaking industrial sector (with electric arc furnace), at the plant, national (UK), regional (EU) and global levels are 11, 12, 169 and 1670 million tonne/y, or 19–143, 20–157, 287–2203 and 2834–21740 million €/y, respectively. The second case study entails an integrated mechanical biological treatment (MBT) system of MSW consisting of metal recovery technologies, anaerobic digestion, refuse derived fuel (RDF) incineration and combined heat and power (CHP) generation. An effective economic value analysis methodology has been adopted to analyse the techno-economic feasibility of the integrated MBT system. The value analysis shows that an additional economic margin of 500 € can be generated from the recovery of 1 t of zinc in the integrated MBT system enhancing its overall economic margin by 9%.