Smoking Abstinence-Related Expectancies Among American Indians, African Americans, and Women: Potential Mechanisms of Tobacco-Related Disparities
Smoking Abstinence-Related Expectancies Among American Indians, African Americans, and Women: Potential Mechanisms of Tobacco-Related Disparities
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DOI：
10.1037/a0031938
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发表时间：
2014-03-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Hall, Sharon M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hendricks, Peter S.;Westmaas, J. Lee;Hall, Sharon M.
研究记录了与烟草相关的按种族和性别划分的健康差异。然而，先前的研究并没有考察戒烟过程的期望值(即与戒烟相关的期望值)作为特殊人群中与烟草相关的差异的潜在因素。这项横断面研究比较了美国印第安人(n=87)、非裔美国人(n=151)和白人(n=185)吸烟者以及女性(n=231)和男性(n=270)吸烟者之间与戒烟相关的预期。与禁欲相关的期望也被作为种族和性别关系与戒烟动机和禁欲自我效能的中介变量进行了研究。结果表明，美国印第安人和非裔美国人比白人更不可能预期戒烟效果，而更有可能预期戒烟不会有问题。非洲裔美国人也不太可能比白人更不希望戒烟干预有效。与男性相比，女性更有可能预期戒断效应和体重增加。这些期望差异在种族和性别与戒烟动机和节欲自我效能感之间起到了中介作用。研究结果强调了美国印第安人、非裔美国人和女性中与烟草相关的健康差异的潜在机制，并提出了针对这些人群的烟草依赖干预措施的一些具体方法。
Research has documented tobacco-related health disparities by race and gender. Prior research, however, has not examined expectancies about the smoking cessation process (i.e., abstinence-related expectancies) as potential contributors to tobacco-related disparities in special populations. This cross-sectional study compared abstinence-related expectancies between American Indian (n = 87), African American (n = 151), and White (n = 185) smokers, and between women (n = 231) and men (n = 270) smokers. Abstinence-related expectancies also were examined as mediators of race and gender relationships with motivation to quit and abstinence self efficacy. Results indicated that American Indians and African Americans were less likely than Whites to expect withdrawal effects, and more likely to expect that quitting would be unproblematic. African Americans also were less likely than Whites to expect smoking cessation interventions to be effective. Compared with men, women were more likely to expect withdrawal effects and weight gain. These expectancy differences mediated race and gender relationships with motivation to quit and abstinence self-efficacy. Findings emphasize potential mechanisms underlying tobacco-related health disparities among American Indians, African Americans, and women and suggest a number of specific approaches for targeting tobacco dependence interventions to these populations.