Claiming the Streets: Property Rights and Legal Empowerment in the Urban Informal Economy
Claiming the Streets: Property Rights and Legal Empowerment in the Urban Informal Economy
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DOI：
10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.07.001
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发表时间：
2015-12-01
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Brown, Alison
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brown, Alison
本文着眼于法律和城市发展的概念，重点是财产权和土地，探索公共领域的潜在集体权利，以支持更公平的公共空间管理方法，并挑战将穷人的生活定为犯罪的不当监管。重点是街头贸易和非正规经济。假设是：集体使用权延伸到公共土地，对城市贫民的生计至关重要;这种使用既提供公益又提供私人利润，撒哈拉以南非洲的法律的传统往往可以容纳所涉权利的广泛定义。文献回顾询问辩论的财产权，法律的授权，和公共空间，建议城市公共空间应被视为一个共同的资源，开放获取仍然存在。实地工作借鉴了对塞内加尔达喀尔和坦桑尼亚达累斯萨拉姆的比较研究，基于对街头小贩和关键线人的深入访谈，以及对每个城市的法律的审查。在达喀尔，有政治支持的集体行动为对话创造了空间，而在达累斯萨拉姆，贸易商之间缺乏团结，这意味着驱逐没有争议。在这两个城市中，公共和私人利益之间的平衡通过复杂的社会过程来调节，以创造街道的混合空间，在这里被定义为“集体池资源”。最后，本文探讨了可能包括获取和有益使用，但集体管理，以建立这样一个“集体池资源”的权利束。因此，本文挑战了通常的公共领域的概念，国有土地，承认街道的集体要求，是城市非正式经济运作的核心。(C)2015由Elsevier Ltd.出版
This paper looks at the concept of law and urban development with a focus on property rights and land, exploring the potential collective rights in the public domain to underpin a more equitable approach to the management of public space and challenge inappropriate regulation that criminalizes the lives of the poor. The focus is on street trade and the informal economy. The hypotheses are that: collective use rights extend to public land and are crucial to the livelihoods of the urban poor; such use provides public good as well as private profit, and legal traditions in sub-Saharan Africa can often accommodate the broad definition of rights entailed. The literature review interrogates debates on property rights, legal empowerment, and public space, to suggest that urban public space should be considered as a common resource where open access remains. Fieldwork draws on comparative studies of Dakar, Senegal, and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, based on in-depth interviews with street traders and key informants, and a legal review in each city.The findings suggest very different trajectories in each city. In Dakar collective action with political support has created space for dialog, while in Dar es Salaam lack of solidarity among traders meant that evictions were uncontested. In both cities the balance between public and private gain was moderated through complex social processes to create the hybrid space of the street, defined here as a 'collective pool resource'. Finally the paper explores bundles of rights that might include access and beneficial use but with collective management to establish such a 'collective pool resource'. Thus the paper challenges the usual conception of the public domain as state land, to recognize the collective claim for the street that is core to the operation of urban informal economies. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd.