Larval density affects phenotype and surrounding bacterial community without altering gut microbiota in Drosophila melanogaster
Larval density affects phenotype and surrounding bacterial community without altering gut microbiota in Drosophila melanogaster
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DOI：
10.1093/femsec/fiaa055
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发表时间：
2020-04-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Colinet, H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Henry, Y.;Tarapacki, P.;Colinet, H.
幼虫拥挤是一个复杂的压力的情况下产生的个体间的竞争时间和空间有限的资源。大量个体的觅食可能会改变食物的化学和细菌成分，从而影响个体的性状。在这里，我们使用果蝇来探索这些假设。首先，我们使用了广泛的幼虫密度梯度，调查拥挤的表型性状的影响。我们证实，高密度增加发育时间和化蛹高度，并降低生存能力和体重。接下来，我们测量了常见的代谢废物（氨，尿酸）的浓度和特征的细菌群落，在食物和幼虫，三个对比幼虫密度（低，中，高）。氨浓度增加的食物中，从中等和高幼虫密度，但仍然很低的幼虫，无论幼虫密度。尿酸没有积累在食物中，但在幼虫中检测到。令人惊讶的是，细菌组成保持稳定的肠道幼虫无论其饲养密度，虽然它急剧变化的食物。总体而言，这些结果表明，拥挤深深地影响个人，也影响他们的非生物和生物环境。环境中的细菌群落可能会适应拥挤导致的营养状况的改变，腐殖菌充当幼虫代谢废物的清道夫。
Larval crowding represents a complex stressful situation arising from inter-individual competition for time- and space-limited resources. The foraging of a large number of individuals may alter the chemical and bacterial composition of food and in turn affect individual's traits. Here we used Drosophila melanogaster to explore these assumptions. First, we used a wide larval density gradient to investigate the impact of crowding on phenotypical traits. We confirmed that high densities increased development time and pupation height, and decreased viability and body mass. Next, we measured concentrations of common metabolic wastes (ammonia, uric acid) and characterized bacterial communities, both in food and in larvae, for three contrasting larval densities (low, medium and high). Ammonia concentration increased in food from medium and high larval densities, but remained low in larvae regardless of the larval density. Uric acid did not accumulate in food but was detected in larvae. Surprisingly, bacterial composition remained stable in guts of larvae whatever their rearing density, although it drastically changed in the food. Overall, these results indicate that crowding deeply affects individuals, and also their abiotic and biotic surroundings. Environmental bacterial communities likely adapt to altered nutritional situations resulting from crowding, putatively acting as scavengers of larval metabolic wastes.