Larval dispersal and population connectivity among a network of marine reserves
Larval dispersal and population connectivity among a network of marine reserves
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海洋保护区网络之间的幼体扩散和种群连通性
DOI：
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. A. Luettich
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. Puckett;D. Eggleston;P. C. Kerr;R. A. Luettich
海洋生态学的一个主要挑战是描述幼虫扩散和种群连接的模式，以及它们的基本过程。我们使用了一个生物物理模型来模拟东部牡蛎，Crassostrea virginica，幼虫和网络之间的连接，10个不采取储备在一个浅，风力驱动的河口，以评估相对重要性的产卵地点，产卵日期，幼虫的行为，幼虫死亡率，和成人生殖输出预测的扩散和连接模式。位置（即，纳塔尔储备）和产卵日期相对于物理过程，特别是风向逆转的频率，是扩散和连接模式的主要驱动因素。在较小程度上，幼虫行为（即，3D垂直平流和个体发育的深度调节）和死亡率修改的扩散和连接，而时空变异的成人生殖输出是最小的重要性。在21天的幼虫期，被动表面粒子的平均扩散距离为5至40公里。相对于平均扩散距离，保护区太小（1平方公里），无法促进广泛的本地保留（中位数2%），间隔太远（通常约50公里），无法促进广泛的保护区间连接（中位数2%）。有限的连通性和当地保留可能使网络无法自我维持，从而限制了其长期养护和管理效益。在储备系统的特点是有限的连通性，管理工作的重点应该是增加连通性，增加储备的数量或规模，以实现改善保护区内的成年人口的好处。
A major challenge in marine ecology is describing patterns of larval dispersal and population connectivity, as well as their underlying processes. We used a biophysical model to simulate dispersal of eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, larvae and connectivity among a network of 10 no-take reserves in a shallow, wind-driven estuary to assess the relative importance of spawning location, spawning date, larval behavior, larval mortality, and adult reproductive output to predicted dispersal and connectivity patterns. The location (i.e., natal reserve) and date of spawning relative to physical processes, particularly frequency of wind reversals, were the dominant drivers of dispersal and connectivity patterns. To a lesser extent, larval behavior (i.e., 3D vertical advection and ontogenetic depth regulation) and mortality modified dispersal and connectivity, whereas spatiotemporal variability in adult reproductive output was of minimal importance. Over a 21-day larval duration, mean dispersal distance of passive surface particles ranged from 5 to 40 km. Reserves were too small (1 km2) relative to mean dispersal distances to promote extensive local retention (median 2%) and spaced too far apart (typically ~50 km) to promote extensive inter-reserve connectivity (median 2%). Limited connectivity and local retention may preclude the network from being self-sustainable, thereby limiting its long-term conservation and management benefits. In reserve systems characterized by limited connectivity, management efforts should focus on increasing connectivity by increasing the number or size of reserves to realize the benefits of improved adult demographics within reserves.