The Fungus-culturing Behavior of Ants
The Fungus-culturing Behavior of Ants
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蚂蚁的真菌培养行为
DOI：
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发表时间：
1972
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
N. A. Weber
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
N. A. Weber
一个蚁群开始时，一只最近受精的雌性将来自父母花园的菌丝装在颊下袋中的颗粒中。殖民地未来的所有食物都将来自这个核心。她在地上挖了一个洞，弹出这个颗粒，并用她的液体排泄物作为肥料。随着菌丝增殖，卵产在菌丝上，菌落形成。她不断地舔舐菌丝和幼崽。因此，唾液和肛门排泄物在蜂群的形成过程中都起着至关重要的作用，并且这种模式会被最终的工蜂重复。阿塔的大约 60-65% 是最低限度，它们密切参与育雏和真菌护理。他们的排泄物大得不成比例。 Atta 大约 1/3 的工人使用 4-6 毫米介质，他们负责切割和准备基材。最大尺寸为 7-9 毫米，士兵（超过 9 毫米）较少直接参与真菌培养。
真菌培养的有效性可以通过花园的快速建设来体现。将含有蚂蚁的碎片放入无菌营养琼脂平板后，尽管周围受到污染，蚂蚁仍能维持自己的花园。
A colony of attine ants begins with a recently fecundated female carrying hyphae from the parental garden in a pellet in an infrabuccal pocket. All future food of the colony will be derived from this nucleus. She digs a cavity in the ground, ejects this pellet and manures it with her liquid excrement. As the hyphae proliferate, eggs are laid on them and the colony is launched. She continually licks both the hyphae and the brood. Thus, both salivary and anal excretions play a vital role in the beginning of a colony and this pattern is repeated by the resulting workers. About 60–65% of them in Atta are the minima and these are intimately involved in brood and fungus care. Their excretions are disproportionately large. About 1/3 of the workers in Atta are 4–6 mm media and these cut and prepare the substrate. The 7–9 mm maxima sizes and the soldiers (over 9 mm) are less directly involved in culturing the fungus.
The effectiveness of fungus culturing is shown by the rapid build-up of gardens. The ants maintain their garden despite surrounding contamination after a fragment with ants is introduced to a plate of sterile nutrient agar.