Isolation and characterization of sex-linked female-sterile mutants in Drosophila melanogaster.
Isolation and characterization of sex-linked female-sterile mutants in Drosophila melanogaster.
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DOI：
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发表时间：
1975-12
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
M. Gans;C. Audit;M. Masson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Gans;C. Audit;M. Masson
所述实验的目的是鉴定在卵发生过程中主要或唯一起作用的X染色体基因。用甲烷磺酸乙酯进行了两次诱变实验。在致死性为60%的处理后，9%的处理X染色体携带雌性不育突变，但没有严重影响生存能力。在分离的95个突变体中，19个对热敏感，5个对冷敏感。突变体可分为：ⅰ（16个突变体，12个互补组）：雌虫产卵少或不产卵；这种缺陷与排卵或卵子发生有关。II（37个突变体；18个互补组）：雌性产卵形态异常，通常膜通透性增加。III A（13个突变体，至少8个互补组）：纯合雌性与突变雄性交配不育；它们的后代（同属和半合子）分别在胚胎后期（11个突变体）、幼虫期（1个突变体）或蛹期（1个突变体）死亡。然而，一些杂合后代的存活表明，繁殖能力部分恢复到野生型雄性。III B（29个突变体，22个互补组）：雌性的生育能力没有通过繁殖到野生型雄性而恢复。其中13个突变体的大部分卵子在胚胎发生后期死亡。其他的卵子更早停止发育，或者可能仍然没有受精。根据每个互补组突变体数量的分布，估计大约有150个x连锁基因与女性生育能力有关。三种突变体的雌性在29度时对热敏感，完全不育，在较低的温度下产生形态异常或被剥夺生殖细胞的后代。另外三种没有详细描述的突变体显示出女性生育能力的下降，许多后代缺乏生殖细胞。没有恢复的理想突变体是具有正常生育能力的雌性产生后代的突变体，无论其基因型如何，都具有特定的形态异常。讨论了分离的突变体对分析导致卵子形成和发育起始的复杂过程的价值。
The purpose of the experiments described was to identify X chromosome genes functioning mainly or exclusively during oogenesis. Two mutagenesis experiments were carried out with ethyl methane sulfonate. Following treatment inducing 60% lethals, 9% of the treated X chromosomes carried a female sterility mutation which did not otherwise seriously affect viability. Among--95 isolated mutants, 19 were heat-sensitive and 5 cold-sensitive. The mutants have been classified as follows: I (16 mutants; 12 complementation groups): the females laid few or no eggs; the defect concerned either ovulation or oogenesis. II (37 mutants; 18 complementation groups): the female laid morphologically abnormal eggs, often with increased membrane permeability. III A (13 mutants; at least 8 complementation groups): the homozygous females were sterile if mated to mutant males; their progeny (homo- and hemizygous) died at a late embryonic stage (11 mutants), at the larval stage (1 mutant) or at the pupal stage (1 mutant). However fertility was partly restored by breeding to wild-type males as shown by survival of some heterozygous descendants. III B (29 mutants; 22 complementation groups): the fertility of the females was not restored by breeding to a wild-type male. Most of the eggs of 13 of the mutants died at a late stage of embryogenesis. The eggs of the others ceased development earlier or, perhaps, remained unfertilized. The distribution of the number of mutants per complementation group led to an estimation of a total of about 150 X-linked genes involved in female fertility. The females of three mutants, heat-sensitive and totally sterile at 29 degrees, produced at a lower temperature descendants morphologically abnormal or deprived of germ cells. Three other mutants not described in detail showed a reduction in female fertility with many descendants lacking germ cells. A desirable mutant which was not recovered was one with normal fertile females producing descendants which, regardless of their genotype, bore specific morphological abnormalities. The value of the mutants isolated for analysis of the complex processes leading to egg formation and initiation of development is discussed.