Accurate, Low Cost PM2.5Measurements Demonstrate the Large Spatial Variation in Wood Smoke Pollution in Regional Australia and Improve Modeling and Estimates of Health Costs
Accurate, Low Cost PM2.5Measurements Demonstrate the Large Spatial Variation in Wood Smoke Pollution in Regional Australia and Improve Modeling and Estimates of Health Costs
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DOI：
10.3390/atmos11080856
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发表时间：
2020-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Robinson, Dorothy L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Robinson, Dorothy L.
在澳大利亚新南威尔士州（NSW）的一个区域城镇阿米代尔，对低成本PM（2.5）传感器的准确性和实用性进行了评估，用于测量空间变化和模拟家庭木材供暖（DWH）造成的PM（2.5）污染的人群暴露，以获得健康成本和死亡率的估计。部署了11个“PurpleAir”（PA）监测仪，其中5个位于新南威尔士州政府站（NSWGov）的部分时间，以导出校准方程。校准的PA PM（2.5）几乎与NSWGov锥形元件振荡微天平（TEOM）和阿米代尔地区委员会2017年的DustTrak测量结果相同。空间差异很大。2018年5月至8月，美国国家空气质量标准超标32次，其中一个居民区超标63次。约50%的家庭使用木质取暖器，估计每年接触的PM（2.5）增加了8微克/立方米以上，这表明每台木质取暖器每年增加约10%的死亡率和数千美元的医疗费用。准确的实时社区监测可以改善对暴露的估计，并避免在估计剂量-反应关系时产生偏差。过去十年来，减少木材烟雾污染的努力被证明是无效的，部分原因可能是一些居民不了解木材供暖对健康的影响或成本。正如最近几项研究所建议的那样，实时互联网显示可以提高人们对森林卫生和森林火灾污染的认识，并鼓励各国政府制定有效的政策，保护公众健康，其中木材烟雾被确定为危害健康的空气污染的主要来源。
The accuracy and utility of low-cost PM(2.5)sensors was evaluated for measuring spatial variation and modeling population exposure to PM(2.5)pollution from domestic wood-heating (DWH) in Armidale, a regional town in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, to obtain estimates of health costs and mortality. Eleven 'PurpleAir' (PA) monitors were deployed, including five located part of the time at the NSW government station (NSWGov) to derive calibration equations. Calibrated PA PM(2.5)were almost identical to the NSWGov tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM) and Armidale Regional Council's 2017 DustTrak measurements. Spatial variation was substantial. National air quality standards were exceeded 32 times from May-August 2018 at NSWGov and 63 times in one residential area. Wood heater use by about 50% of households increased estimated annual PM(2.5)exposure by over eight micrograms per cubic meter, suggesting increased mortality of about 10% and health costs of thousands of dollars per wood heater per year. Accurate real-time community-based monitoring can improve estimates of exposure and avoid bias in estimating dose-response relationships. Efforts over the past decade to reduce wood smoke pollution proved ineffective, perhaps partly because some residents do not understand the health impacts or costs of wood-heating. Real-time Internet displays can increase awareness of DWH and bushfire pollution and encourage governments to develop effective policies to protect public health, as recommended by several recent studies in which wood smoke was identified as a major source of health-hazardous air pollution.