Personality disorders: Epidemiology and public health issues
Personality disorders: Epidemiology and public health issues
复制标题
DOI：
10.3109/09540261.2011.588200
复制
发表时间：
2011-01-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Samuels, Jack
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Samuels, Jack
过去十年进行的社区研究极大地增加了我们对人格障碍流行病学的了解。在这里，我们回顾了人格障碍的患病率、分布和后果，以及其发展的潜在危险因素。据估计，社区中 6-10% 的人患有人格障碍。人格障碍的患病率因社会人口群体而异，例如，在分居或离婚的群体以及高中辍学的群体中，人格障碍的患病率较高。人格障碍与社区中的轴 I 障碍密切相关，包括情绪障碍、焦虑症、酒精和其他物质使用障碍以及功能障碍。人格障碍还与医疗服务的使用以及医疗发病率和死亡率有关，特别是与心血管疾病有关。社区中患有人格障碍的人更有可能有刑事逮捕、人际暴力和自杀行为的历史。童年时期的逆境，尤其是虐待和忽视，是人格障碍发展的潜在危险因素。需要更多的前瞻性研究来阐明人格障碍的潜在前兆和后果。此外，需要一级和二级预防策略来减少社区人格障碍对个人和社会的负担。
Community studies conducted over the past decade have greatly increased our knowledge of the epidemiology of personality disorders. Here, we review the prevalence, distribution, and consequences of personality disorders, and potential risk factors for their development. An estimated 6-10% of individuals in the community have a personality disorder. The prevalence of personality disorders varies across sociodemographic groups, being higher, for example, in those who are separated or divorced and those who have dropped out of high school. Personality disorders are strongly associated with Axis I disorders in the community, including mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and alcohol and other substance use disorders, as well as with functional impairment. Personality disorders also are associated with medical service use and medical morbidity and mortality, especially related to cardiovascular disease. Individuals in the community with personality disorders are more likely to have a history of criminal arrest, interpersonal violence, and suicidal behaviours. Childhood adversities, especially abuse and neglect, are potential risk factors for the development of personality disorders. Additional prospective studies are needed to elucidate potential precursors and consequences of personality disorders. Furthermore, primary and secondary prevention strategies are needed to reduce the individual and societal burdens from personality disorders in the community.