Gravity Field of the Moon from the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) Mission
Gravity Field of the Moon from the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) Mission
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DOI：
10.1126/science.1231507
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发表时间：
2013-02
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
M. Zuber;David E. Smith;M. Watkins;S. Asmar;A. Konopliv;F. LeMoine;H. Melosh;G. Neumann;R. Phil
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Zuber;David E. Smith;M. Watkins;S. Asmar;A. Konopliv;F. LeMoine;H. Melosh;G. Neumann;R. Phil
圣杯？行星的重力场通过揭示不同密度的区域提供了其内部和热历史的视图。GRAIL是一对充当高灵敏度重力仪的卫星，于2012年初开始绘制月球重力图。有三篇论文重点介绍了主要使命的一些结果。Zuber等人（第668页，12月6日在线发表）讨论了月球的整体重力场，揭示了月球的几个新的构造和地质特征。撞击使月球上地壳的密度结构均匀化，同时使其广泛破裂。Wieczorek等人（第671页，12月6日在线发表）表明，上地壳厚度为35至40公里，密度比以前认为的要小，因此孔隙率更高。最后，Andrews-Hanna等人（第675页，12月6日在线发表）表明，地壳被广泛的岩浆岩脉切割，这可能反映了月球历史早期的扩张时期。月球的重力场显示，撞击使地壳的密度均匀化，并使其广泛破裂。重力恢复和内部实验室（GRAIL）的航天器对航天器跟踪观测已被用于构建月球的引力场，球谐度和阶数为420。GRAIL领域揭示了以前没有解决的特征，包括构造结构，火山地貌，盆地环，火山口中心峰和许多简单的火山口。从80度到300度，超过98%的重力信号与地形有关，这一结果反映了高度破碎的地壳中火山口地形的保存。剩下的2%代表了以前没有解决的地下结构的细节。GRAIL阐明了撞击轰击在探测地球行星体浅层密度异常分布中的作用。
The Holy GRAIL? The gravity field of a planet provides a view of its interior and thermal history by revealing areas of different density. GRAIL, a pair of satellites that act as a highly sensitive gravimeter, began mapping the Moon's gravity in early 2012. Three papers highlight some of the results from the primary mission. Zuber et al. (p. 668, published online 6 December) discuss the overall gravity field, which reveals several new tectonic and geologic features of the Moon. Impacts have worked to homogenize the density structure of the Moon's upper crust while fracturing it extensively. Wieczorek et al. (p. 671, published online 6 December) show that the upper crust is 35 to 40 kilometers thick and less dense—and thus more porous—than previously thought. Finally, Andrews-Hanna et al. (p. 675, published online 6 December) show that the crust is cut by widespread magmatic dikes that may reflect a period of expansion early in the Moon's history. The Moon's gravity field reveals that impacts have homogenized the density of the crust and fractured it extensively. Spacecraft-to-spacecraft tracking observations from the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) have been used to construct a gravitational field of the Moon to spherical harmonic degree and order 420. The GRAIL field reveals features not previously resolved, including tectonic structures, volcanic landforms, basin rings, crater central peaks, and numerous simple craters. From degrees 80 through 300, over 98% of the gravitational signature is associated with topography, a result that reflects the preservation of crater relief in highly fractured crust. The remaining 2% represents fine details of subsurface structure not previously resolved. GRAIL elucidates the role of impact bombardment in homogenizing the distribution of shallow density anomalies on terrestrial planetary bodies.