Paid family leave and children health outcomes in OECD countries
Paid family leave and children health outcomes in OECD countries
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DOI：
10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105259
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发表时间：
2020-09-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Khan, Mariam S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Khan, Mariam S.
在过去的四十年里，大多数经合组织（经济合作与发展组织）国家都采用或扩大了带薪家庭假，为工人在出生或收养孩子以及照顾生病的家庭成员后提供休假。虽然带薪产假对儿童健康的影响一直是大量研究的主题，但对父亲休假和带薪陪产假的影响却知之甚少。这是一个限制，因为经合组织国家最近扩大带薪家事假的大部分是为了扩大父亲的休假福利。母亲和父亲休假可以减少母亲的产后抑郁症，改善母亲的心理健康，增加与子女在一起的时间，增加儿童体检的可能性，从而改善儿童健康。本文的目的是研究带薪家庭假对儿童福利的影响，扩展我们对产假影响的了解，并建立关于陪产假的新证据。本文研究了1990年至2016年期间，带薪家庭假扩大对35个经合组织国家新生儿死亡率、婴儿死亡率、五岁以下儿童死亡率和麻疹免疫接种率的影响。使用事件研究设计，发现采用带薪产假后，婴儿、新生儿和五岁以下儿童死亡率下降了约1.9- 5.2%。然而，将带薪休假扩大到父亲方面的有利影响并不明显。产假比陪产假对儿童健康结果有更大的保护作用，其背后的影响和潜在原因也进行了讨论。
During the past four decades, most OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) countries have adopted or expanded paid family leave, which offers leave to workers following the birth or adoption of a child as well as care for ill family members. While the effects of paid maternity leave on child health have been the subject of a large body of research, little is known about fathers' leave-taking and the effects of paid paternity leave. This is a limitation, since most of the recent expansion in paid family leave in OECD countries has been to expand leave benefits to fathers. Mothers' and fathers' leave-taking may improve child health by decreasing postpartum depression among mothers, improving maternal mental health, increasing the time spent with a child, and increasing the likelihood of child medical checkup. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of paid family leave on the wellbeing of children, extending what we know about the effects of maternity leave and establishing new evidence on paternity leave. The paper examines the effects of paid family leave expansions on country-level neonatal mortality rates, infant mortality rates, under-five mortality rates, and the measles immunization rates in 35 OECD countries, during the time period of 1990 to 2016. Using an event study design, an approximately 1.9-5.2 percent decrease in the infant, neonatal, and under-five mortality rates has been found following the adoption of paid maternity leave. However, the beneficial impact is not as visible for extension of paid leave to fathers. The implications and potential reasons behind the larger protective effects of maternity leave over paternity leave on child health outcomes are discussed.