Pyroclastic edifices record vigorous lava fountains during the emplacement of a flood basalt flow field, Roza Member, Columbia River Basalt Province, USA

Pyroclastic edifices record vigorous lava fountains during the emplacement of a flood basalt flow field, Roza Member, Columbia River Basalt Province, USA
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美国哥伦比亚河玄武岩省罗扎段,火山碎屑建筑物在洪水玄武岩流场就位期间记录了旺盛的熔岩喷泉

DOI:
10.1130/b30857.1
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发表时间:
2014
影响因子:
4.9
通讯作者:
Brown R
Brown R
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Brown R

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哥伦比亚河玄武岩省14.98 Ma Roza段1300 km ~ 3拉斑玄武岩流场具有已知大陆溢流玄武岩中保存最完好的喷口系统。对沿着180公里长的喷口系统裸露的火山碎屑岩进行详细的地质测绘和记录,可以重建喷口周围的火山碎屑大厦(部分锥形)。火山碎屑锥不同于典型的玄武岩喷发形成的火山碎屑锥,其特点是低至中等的倾角(<20°),最低高度可达160米,主要由粗粒、中等至密集的凝集和焊接飞溅物和火山渣组成,延伸至喷口750米以外。厚,分类良好的下降存款组成的中度到高度泡状火山渣火山砾延伸远离一些喷口,并表现出一些特点,可与近端存款的暴力斯特龙博利或subplinian喷发。记录的火山活动不符合玄武岩岩浆的常见喷发风格,证据表明,Roza喷发被异常高强度的喷发活动所打断,其特征是充满活力的熔岩喷泉。大量的凝集沉积物聚集在喷口周围,这是由于高喷泉(>1公里)的沉降物,而上升到喷泉上方的对流羽流下部的沉降物又使沉降物增强。
The 1300 km3tholeiitic lava flow field of the 14.98 Ma Roza Member of the Columbia River Basalt Province has the best-preserved vent system of any known continental flood basalt. Detailed geological mapping and logging of the exposed pyroclastic rocks along the >180-km-long vent system enable the reconstruction of pyroclastic edifices (partial cones) built around vents. The pyroclastic cones differ from those constructed during typical basaltic effusive eruptions and are characterized by low to moderate slope angles (<20°), have minimum heights up to ∼160 m, and are composed of dominantly coarse-grained, moderately to densely agglutinated and welded spatter and scoria that extend up to 750 m away from the vent. Thick, well-sorted fall deposits composed of moderately to highly vesicular scoria lapilli extend away from some vents and exhibit some characteristics comparable to the proximal deposits of violent Strombolian or subplinian eruptions. The recorded volcanic activity does not fit with common eruption styles of basaltic magmas, and the evidence indicates that the Roza eruption was punctuated by eruptive activity of unusually high intensity that was characterized by vigorous lava fountains. The extensive agglutinated deposits accumulated around the vents as a result of fallout from high (>1 km) fountains enhanced by fallout from the lower parts of convective plumes that rose above the fountains.
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