The differentiation within the genus Chamaeleo Laurenti, 1768
The differentiation within the genus Chamaeleo Laurenti, 1768
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Chamaeleo Laurenti 属内的分化，1768
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发表时间：
1959
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
D. Hillenius
中科院分区：
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作者：
D. Hillenius
这项研究的主要目的是寻找变色龙属内奇怪的分化的解释。由于该属的物种是相当可疑的单位，因此我研究了性状的地理分布，而不是物种的地理分布，这是植物学中首次使用的方法（BAUR，ROTHMALER a.o.）。我发现东非的字符数量最多，从该地区到该属总范围的外围逐渐减少。事实证明，东非更为重要，因为几乎所有的人物都出现在其中。这意味着其他地区的变色龙几乎不具备东非所没有的特征。这种分布模式非常符合 REINIG 的消除理论（1938）：“.. bei Einzelwanderungen wird nur ein Teil des gesamten Allelbestandes einer Art mitgefuhrt... eine durch Einzelwanderung entstandene Population weist eine geringere Zahl von Allelen auf als die Ausgangspopulation。”许多平行系列变异的存在（意味着几个特征在不同群体中独立地多次起源）使我得出这样的结论：雷尼格理论中描述的消除机制也对倾向于改变为其他基因的基因产生影响。这一推理为重建变色龙祖先提供了钥匙。通过两种不同的方式，我得出了相同的结论，即。变色龙的祖先可能是一种与 Chamaeleo chamaeleon s.l. 非常相似的动物。 （第 21 条）。至于我研究的理论部分，需要对物种进行调查，我首先在自然系统中进行了尝试。我已将该属分为相关物种组。出于实际原因，马达加斯加的变色龙被分开对待。它们与非洲大陆物种的联系在一个专门的章节中进行了研究（第 11 节）。根据我的调查结果，我不得不提出以下分类学变化：Ch.犀牛变种线状 + Ch.劳迪 + Ch.沃尔茨科维 + Ch.巴伯里 = Ch. rhinoceratus (§ 3)，Ch.兰伯托尼 = Ch.侧肌 (§ 4)，Ch.半冠 = ♀ Ch.疣 (§ 5)，Ch.桂北十一月规格(§ 6)，第 1 章calcarifer = Ch. Chamaeleon calcarifer，CH。 zeylanicus = Ch。 Chamaeleon zeylanicus，Ch. etiennei = Ch。 gracilis etiennei (§ 12)，第 1 章anchietae vinkei + Ch. anchietae mertensi + Ch. marunguensis = Ch。 anchietae（第 13 章），Ch。独角兽 = Ch.独角兽 (§ 14)，第 1 章pumilus = Ch。 pumilus pumilus，CH。黑头 = Ch. pumilus melanocephalus, Ch.喉舌 = Ch.喉小短毛，Ch.腹肌 = Ch.腹侧短小体，Ch.西腹肌 = Ch.西方短小矮秆，Ch. ventralis karrooicus = Ch.卡罗伊克斯短小植物，Ch.达玛拉努斯 = Ch.达玛拉努斯, Ch. caffer = Ch。 pumilus caffer，CH。带支气管 = Ch.短小带支气管。 （第 16 条）。
The main purpose of this study is to search for an explanation of the curious differentiation within the genus Chamaeleo. Since the species of this genus are rather doubtful units, I have studied the geograpical distribution of characters, not of the species, a method first used in botany (BAUR, ROTHMALER a.o.). I found that the number of characters is largest in east Afrika, gradually decreasing from this area to the periphery of the total range of the genus. East Africa proved to be still more important, as practically all the characters occur in it. This means that the chameleons in the other areas practically never possess characters that are not found in east Africa. This pattern of distribution fits in rather well with REINIG’S elimination theory (1938): „.. bei Einzelwanderungen wird nur ein Teil des gesamten Allelbestandes einer Art mitgefuhrt... eine durch Einzelwanderung entstandene Population weist eine geringere Zahl von Allelen auf als die Ausgangspopulation.” The existence of many parallel series of variation (meaning that several characters originated several times independently in different groups) led me to the conclusion that the mechanism described in REINIG’S theory as elimination, has consequences also for the genes predisposed to change into others. This reasoning gave a key to the reconstruction of the ancestral chameleon. By two different ways I arrived at the same conclusion, viz. the ancestral chameleon was probably an animal resembling mostly Chamaeleo chamaeleon s.l. (§ 21). As for this theoretical part of my study a survey of the species was needed, I first made an attempt at a natural system. I have divided the genus into groups of related species. For practical reasons the chameleons of Madagascar are treated separately. Their connections with the species of the African continent are examined in a special section (§ 11). As a result of my investigations I had to propose the following taxonomic changes: Ch. rhinoceratus var. lineatus + Ch. labordi + Ch. voeltzkowi + Ch. barbouri = Ch. rhinoceratus (§ 3), Ch. lambertoni = Ch. lateralis (§ 4), Ch. semicristatus = ♀ Ch. verrucosus (§ 5), Ch. guibei nov. spec. (§ 6), Ch. calcarifer = Ch. chamaeleon calcarifer, Ch. zeylanicus = Ch. chamaeleon zeylanicus, Ch. etiennei = Ch. gracilis etiennei (§ 12), Ch. anchietae vinkei + Ch. anchietae mertensi + Ch. marunguensis = Ch. anchietae (§ 13), Ch. unicornis = Ch. oweni unicornis (§ 14), Ch. pumilus = Ch. pumilus pumilus, Ch. melanocephalus = Ch. pumilus melanocephalus, Ch. gutturalis = Ch. pumilus gutturalis, Ch. ventralis = Ch. pumilus ventralis, Ch. ventralis occidentalis = Ch. pumilus occidentalis, Ch. ventralis karrooicus = Ch. pumilus karrooicus, Ch. damaranus = Ch. pumilus damaranus, Ch. caffer = Ch. pumilus caffer, Ch. taeniobronchus = Ch. pumilus taeniobronchus. (§ 16).