Analysis of in vitro demineralised human enamel using multi-scale correlative optical and scanning electron microscopy, and high-resolution synchrotron wide-angle X-ray scattering
Analysis of in vitro demineralised human enamel using multi-scale correlative optical and scanning electron microscopy, and high-resolution synchrotron wide-angle X-ray scattering
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DOI：
10.1016/j.matdes.2021.109739
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发表时间：
2021-05-06
影响因子：
8.4
通讯作者：
Korsunsky, Alexander M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Besnard, Cyril;Harper, Robert A.;Korsunsky, Alexander M.
牙釉质龋是一种非常普遍的疾病，涉及外牙结构的脱矿。在这项研究中，我们报告了使用乳酸（2% v/v）蚀刻的人工脱矿人类牙釉质切片（“切片”）与使用光学和电子显微镜以及扫描衍射相关技术的健康牙釉质的比较分析。牙釉质的脱矿作用在微米到亚微米尺度上进行表征。采用聚焦离子束扫描电子显微镜（FIB-SEM）研究了健康牙釉质的结构，并与蚀刻样品进行了比较，以揭示其结构差异。利用能量色散x射线光谱（EDS）进行了进一步的化学分析，发现与健康牙釉质相比，蚀刻样品中的Ca/P原子%比降低，表明钙的损失比磷的损失更大。对样品进行同步加速器广角x射线散射（WAXS），揭示了蚀刻前后样品在晶格结构和优选取向（织构）方面的衍射图差异。在500 nm空间分辨率下，通过衍射分析提取纹理图。这些图谱与牙釉质结构的尺寸相关。多尺度相关方法在接近500 nm的分辨率上对脱矿诱导的牙釉质结构改变有了深入的了解。(c) 2021作者。Elsevier Ltd.出版。这是一篇基于CC BY许可（http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/）的开放获取文章。
Enamel caries is a highly prevalent worldwide disease that involves the demineralisation of the outer tooth structure. In this study, we report the analysis of artificially demineralised human enamel sections ('slices') etched using lactic acid (2% v/v) in comparison with healthy enamel using correlative techniques of optical and electron microscopy, as well as scanning diffraction. Demineralisation of the enamel was characterised at the micron to sub-micron scale. The structure of the healthy enamel was investigated using Focused Ion Beam -Scanning Electron Microscopy (FIB-SEM) and compared with an etched sample to reveal their structural differences. Additional chemical analysis using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was performed and a decrease in the Ca/P atomic % ratio was found in etched samples in comparison with healthy enamel, suggesting greater loss of calcium compared with phosphorus. Synchrotron wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) was performed on the samples to reveal the differences in the diffraction patterns before and after etching in terms of lattice structure and preferred orientation (texture). Texture maps were extracted from diffraction analysis at 500 nm spatial resolution. These maps were correlated with the dimension of the enamel structure. The multi-scale correlative approach provided insights into the demineralisation-induced enamel structure alteration at a resolution approaching 500 nm.(c) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).