The face of pain--a pilot study to validate the measurement of facial pain expression with an improved electromyogram method.
The face of pain--a pilot study to validate the measurement of facial pain expression with an improved electromyogram method.
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DOI：
10.1155/2005/643075
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发表时间：
2005
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
K. Wolf;T. Raedler;K. Henke;F. Kiefer;R. Mass;M. Quante;K. Wiedemann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Wolf;T. Raedler;K. Henke;F. Kiefer;R. Mass;M. Quante;K. Wiedemann
目的初步探讨一种改进的面部肌电图（EMG）测量面部疼痛表情的有效性。背景达尔文将与恐惧有关的疼痛定义为眼睛凝视、眉毛收缩和牙齿打颤的同时发生。Prkachin是第一个使用基于视频的面部动作编码系统来测量面部表情的人，同时使用四种不同类型的疼痛触发，识别眼睛周围的一组面部肌肉。方法对10名健康男性9块面肌的活动进行分析。通过具有不同强度的随机序列的激光系统诱导疼痛。用一种新的、高灵敏度和选择性的面部肌电图测量肌肉活动。结果两组肌肉是痛觉表达的关键部位。这些结果与达尔文的定义是一致的。正如Prkachin的发现，一个肌肉群聚集在眼轮匝肌周围，启动眼睛凝视。第二组由颏肌和降口角肌组成，它们触发嘴部运动。结论：面部肌电测量面部疼痛表情的方法是有效的。进一步的研究，心理测量，更大的样本量和女性测试组应进行。
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this pilot study was to establish the validity of an improved facial electromyogram (EMG) method for the measurement of facial pain expression. BACKGROUND Darwin defined pain in connection with fear as a simultaneous occurrence of eye staring, brow contraction and teeth chattering. Prkachin was the first to use the video-based Facial Action Coding System to measure facial expressions while using four different types of pain triggers, identifying a group of facial muscles around the eyes. METHOD The activity of nine facial muscles in 10 healthy male subjects was analyzed. Pain was induced through a laser system with a randomized sequence of different intensities. Muscle activity was measured with a new, highly sensitive and selective facial EMG. RESULTS The results indicate two groups of muscles as key for pain expression. These results are in concordance with Darwin's definition. As in Prkachin's findings, one muscle group is assembled around the orbicularis oculi muscle, initiating eye staring. The second group consists of the mentalis and depressor anguli oris muscles, which trigger mouth movements. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate the validity of the facial EMG method for measuring facial pain expression. Further studies with psychometric measurements, a larger sample size and a female test group should be conducted.