Faecal contamination of drinking water in a Brazilian shanty town: importance of household storage and new human faecal marker testing
Faecal contamination of drinking water in a Brazilian shanty town: importance of household storage and new human faecal marker testing
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DOI：
10.2166/wh.2009.081
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发表时间：
2009-06-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Guerrant, Richard L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Copeland, Curtis C.;Beers, Benjamin B.;Guerrant, Richard L.
在世界范围内，受污染的饮用水对健康构成重大威胁，特别是对儿童的发育。腹泻是与水有关的疾病负担的很大一部分，肠道感染与儿童的营养和生长不足以及长期的身体和认知障碍有关。以前的研究详细说明了巴西东北部一个棚户区的感染频率和对儿童健康的影响。为了确定污染水的频率，我们测量了231个随机选择的家庭的主要饮用水样本中的粪便污染。污染的风险进行了比较跨源和存储类型。近三分之一的研究家庭（70/231：30.3%）的饮用水受到污染;污染频率最高的来源是井水（23/24：95.8%）。对于自来水，储存类型对污染敏感性有显著影响（chi（2）= 12.090; p = 0.007）。所观察到的污染模式表明了污染源和储存的相对潜在贡献。有证据表明，支持包括源和存储在水质调查，这项研究，像其他人一样，表明，受污染的饮用水在存储容器可能是一个重要因素，记录腹泻疾病负担在巴西棚户区。
Worldwide, contaminated drinking water poses a major health threat, particularly to child development. Diarrhoea represents a large part of the water-related disease burden and enteric infections have been linked to nutritional and growth shortfalls as well as long-term physical and cognitive impairment in children. Previous studies detailed the frequency of infection and the consequences for child health in a shanty town in north-east Brazil. To determine the frequency of contaminated water, we measured faecal contamination in primary drinking water samples from 231 randomly selected households. Risk for contamination was compared across source and storage types. Nearly a third of the study households (70/231: 30.3%) had contaminated drinking water; the source with the highest frequency of contamination was well water (23/24: 95.8%). For tap water, the type of storage had a significant effect on the susceptibility to contamination (chi(2) = 12.090; p = 0.007). The observed pattern of contamination demonstrated the relative potential contributions of both source and storage. With evidence that supports the inclusion of source and storage in water quality surveys, this study, like others, suggests that contaminated drinking water in storage vessels may be an important factor for the documented diarrhoea disease burden in the Brazilian shanty town.