Health and survival of red abalone, Haliotis rufescens, under varying temperature, food supply, and exposure to the agent of withering syndrome
Health and survival of red abalone, Haliotis rufescens, under varying temperature, food supply, and exposure to the agent of withering syndrome
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jip.2005.06.004
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发表时间：
2005-07-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Friedman, CS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Braid, BA;Moore, JD;Friedman, CS
枯萎综合征（WS）是由类立克次氏体原核生物（WS-RLP）引起的野生和养殖鲍鱼的一种疾病。本研究将红鲍WS进展期间发生的病理变化与由温度升高和食物限制等环境压力引起的病理变化进行了比较，并确定了这些压力源对WS患病率和强度的影响。在实验开始前，对养殖红鲍施用基于饲料的土霉素治疗性处理，以确保无WS-RLP状态。然后将各组分别置于暴露与未暴露于WS-RLP、高温与环境温度以及高与低食物供应的八种组合中，持续447天。死亡率与饥饿和疾病有关，但与温度升高无关。升高的温度显着影响WS-RLP传播：只有1.7%的WS-RLP暴露鲍鱼在环境温度（12.3摄氏度）下被感染，而在升高的温度（18.7摄氏度）下至少有72%的鲍鱼被感染。在暴露的鲍鱼在高温下，喂养的动物表现出更大的感染率，但没有更大的感染强度或消化腺的变化比饥饿的动物，这表明鲍鱼收购感染ingredients污染的食物。食物、温度、WS-RLP暴露及其大多数相互作用对身体状况和足部萎缩有显著影响。免疫组化检测细胞增殖和凋亡的结果显示，正常消化腺与感染WS-RLP的消化腺之间无差异。体质量收缩，足部萎缩，死亡率升高，并减少足部和消化腺糖原观察到在WS影响和饥饿，未暴露的鲍鱼，与WS-RLP暴露，饥饿组保持在高温下表现最差。在暴露和未暴露的动物中，食物供应而不是温度影响体重和生长。这些数据表明，WS-RLP感染鲍鱼表现出的高发病率和死亡率是疾病的结果，而不是直接的热应激。药物残留分析表明，在处理后38天，消化腺中土霉素浓度高达600 ppm，这是该治疗剂的组织保留的不寻常程度。(c)2005年爱思唯尔公司All rights reserved.
Withering syndrome (WS) is a disease of wild and cultured abalone caused by a Rickettsiales-like prokaryote (WS-RLP). This study compared the pathologic changes that occur during the progression of WS in red abalone to those caused by environmental stresses consisting of elevated temperature and food limitation and determined the impact of these stressors on WS prevalence and intensity. Farmed red abalone were administered a feed-based oxytetracycline therapeutic treatment to assure WS-RLP-free status prior to initiation of the experiment. Groups were then held in each of eight combinations of exposed vs. unexposed to WS-RLP, elevated vs. ambient temperature, and high vs. low food supply, for 447 days. Mortality was associated with starvation and disease but not elevated temperature alone. Elevated temperature significantly affected WS-RLP transmission: only 1.7% of WS-RLP-exposed abalone held at ambient temperature (12.3 degrees C) became infected compared to at least 72% of those held at elevated temperature (18.7 degrees C). Among exposed abalone at elevated temperature, fed animals exhibited greater infection prevalence but not greater infection intensity or digestive gland changes than starved animals, suggesting that abalone acquire infections by ingesting contaminated food. Food, temperature, WS-RLP exposure, and most of their interactions had significant effects on body condition and foot atrophy. Immunohistochemical detection of cell proliferation and apoptosis revealed no differences between normal digestive gland and that infected with WS-RLP. Body mass shrinkage, foot atrophy, elevated mortality, and decreased foot and digestive gland glycogen were observed in both WS-affected and starved, unexposed abalone, with the WS-RLP-exposed, starved group held at elevated temperature faring worst. Among exposed and unexposed animals, food Supply but not temperature affected body mass and growth. These data demonstrate that the high morbidity and mortality exhibited by WS-RLP-infected abalone is a consequence of disease and not direct thermal stress. Drug residue analysis indicated oxytetracycline concentrations of up to 600 ppm in the digestive gland at 38 days post-treatment, an unusual degree of tissue retention of this therapeutant. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.