Biomechanics of slips
Biomechanics of slips
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DOI：
10.1080/00140130110085547
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发表时间：
2001-10-20
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Powers, C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Redfern, MS;Cham, R;Powers, C
滑倒的生物力学是预防跌倒相关伤害的重要组成部分。本文的目的是回顾与滑倒相关的步态生物力学的现有文献。这些知识可用于开发防滑测试方法，并确定导致恢复的滑倒和导致跌倒的滑倒之间人类行为的关键差异。鞋-地板界面处的地面反作用力已被广泛研究，并且可能是滑倒中最关键的生物力学因素。步态期间产生的剪切力与正常足部力的比率，称为在干燥表面上正常运动期间所需的摩擦系数 (RCOF) 或滑倒期间的“使用/可实现的摩擦力”，是与测量的鞋/地板界面摩擦特性（通常为摩擦系数或 COF）最密切相关的生物力学变量之一。其他也发挥重要作用的生物力学因素是足跟接触时足部的运动学以及人体对滑动扰动的反应，通常在下肢关节产生的力矩和姿势适应中很明显。此外，必须认识到，生物力学取决于姿势控制系统的能力、个人的心理状态以及对环境的感知，特别是滑倒的危险。本文的重点是回顾有关各种环境条件下在表面上行走的运动学和动力学的已知知识。最后，我们讨论未来的生物力学研究需求，以帮助改善走道摩擦测量和安全性。
The biomechanics of slips are an important component in the prevention of fall-related injuries. The purpose of this paper is to review the available literature on the biomechanics of gait relevant to slips. This knowledge can be used to develop slip resistance testing methodologies and to determine critical differences in human behaviour between slips leading to recovery and those resulting in falls. Ground reaction forces at the shoe-floor interface have been extensively studied and are probably the most critical biomechanical factor in slips. The ratio of the shear to normal foot forces generated during gait, known as the required coefficient of friction (RCOF) during normal locomotion on dry surfaces or 'friction used/achievable' during slips, has been one biomechanical variable most closely associated with the measured frictional properties of the shoe/floor interface (usually the coefficient of friction or COF). Other biomechanical factors that also play an important role are the kinematics of the foot at heel contact and human responses to slipping perturbations, often evident in the moments generated at the lower extremity joints and postural adaptations. In addition, it must be realized that the biomechanics are dependent upon the capabilities of the postural control system, the mental set of the individual, and the perception of the environment, particularly, the danger of slipping. The focus of this paper is to review what is known regarding the kinematics and kinetics of walking on surfaces under a variety of environmental conditions. Finally, we discuss future biomechanical research needs to help to improve walkway-friction measurements and safety.