Contingent tolerance to amphetamine hypophagia: new insights into the role of environmental context in the expression of stereotypy.
Contingent tolerance to amphetamine hypophagia: new insights into the role of environmental context in the expression of stereotypy.
复制标题
对安非他明食欲减退的偶然耐受性：对环境背景在刻板印象表达中的作用的新见解。
DOI：
10.1016/s0149-7634(99)00070-6
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发表时间：
2000
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Wolgin,DL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wolgin,DL
越来越多的文献证明，给药环境可以对耐受性和致敏性的发展和表达产生深远的影响。研究这种情境依赖性的主要范式是基于巴甫洛夫条件反射，其中独特的环境充当条件刺激。当仅在长期服用药物的环境中表现出耐受性或致敏性时，就证明了环境依赖性。研究情境依赖性的另一种范式是操纵在施用药物的环境中发生的强化的意外事件。例如，对安非他明引起的吞咽功能减退的耐受性取决于在醉酒时能否获得食物[Carlton PL，Wolgin DL。对安非他明的厌食作用的偶然耐受性。生理行为 1971；7：221–223]。这种情境依赖性可以用工具（或操作）调节模型来解释，在该模型中，食物作为习得的抑制干扰摄取的刻板运动的强化物。基于该模型的研究表明，敏感刻板反应的表达受到操作水平的控制。
A growing literature attests to the fact that the environment in which a drug is given can have a profound effect on the development and expression of tolerance and sensitization. The dominant paradigm for studying such context-dependency is based on Pavlovian conditioning, in which a distinctive environment serves as a conditioned stimulus. Context dependency is demonstrated when tolerance or sensitization is expressed only in the environment in which the drug was given chronically. An alternative paradigm for studying context-dependency is to manipulate the contingencies of reinforcement operating in the environment in which the drug is administered. For example, tolerance to amphetamine-induced hypophagia is contingent on having access to food while intoxicated [Carlton PL, Wolgin DL. Contingent tolerance to the anorexigenic effects of amphetamine. Physiol Behav 1971;7:221–223]. Such context-dependency can be explained in terms of an instrumental (or operant) conditioning model, in which food serves as a reinforcer for the learned suppression of stereotyped movements that interfere with ingestion. Research based on this model suggests that the expression of sensitized stereotyped responses is subject to an operant level of control.