Dynamic duty cycle control for end-to-end delay guarantees in wireless sensor networks
Dynamic duty cycle control for end-to-end delay guarantees in wireless sensor networks
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DOI：
10.1109/iwqos.2010.5542743
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发表时间：
2010-06
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Xiaodong Wang-;Xiaorui Wang;G. Xing;Yanjun Yao
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文献类型：
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作者：
Xiaodong Wang-;Xiaorui Wang;G. Xing;Yanjun Yao
在无线传感器网络中，周期性地使节点进入睡眠状态可以有效地节省能量，但代价是增加了通信延迟。然而，现有的大多数工作主要集中在静态睡眠调度，不能保证期望的延迟时，网络条件动态变化。在许多具有用户指定的端到端延迟要求的应用中，每个节点的占空比应在运行时基于网络条件单独调整，以实现期望的端到端延迟保证和能量效率。在本文中，我们提出了DutyCon，基于控制理论的动态占空比控制方法。DutyCon将端到端延迟保证问题分解为一组沿着网络中每个数据流的单跳延迟保证问题。然后，我们制定的单跳延迟保证问题作为一个动态反馈控制问题，并严格设计控制器，基于反馈控制理论，控制精度和系统稳定性的分析保证。DutyCon还具有排队延迟自适应方案，该方案可使每个节点的占空比适应不可预测的数据包速率，以及一种新颖的能量平衡方法，该方法通过动态调整分配给每个跳的延迟要求来延长网络寿命。我们在硬件测试平台上的实验结果表明，DutyCon可以有效地实现端到端延迟和节能之间的理想权衡。大量的仿真结果还表明，DutyCon优于两个基线睡眠调度协议，具有更多的节能，同时满足端到端的延迟要求。
It is well known that periodically putting nodes into sleep can effectively save energy in wireless sensor networks, at the cost of increased communication delays. However, most existing work mainly focuses on static sleep scheduling, which cannot guarantee the desired delay when the network conditions change dynamically. In many applications with user-specified end-to-end delay requirements, the duty cycle of every node should be tuned individually at runtime based on the network conditions to achieve the desired end-to-end delay guarantees and energy efficiency. In this paper, we propose DutyCon, a control theory-based dynamic duty cycle control approach. DutyCon decomposes the end-to-end delay guarantee problem into a set of single-hop delay guarantee problems along each data flow in the network. We then formulate the single-hop delay guarantee problem as a dynamic feedback control problem and design the controller rigorously, based on feedback control theory, for analytic assurance of control accuracy and system stability. DutyCon also features a queuing delay adaptation scheme that adapts the duty cycle of each node to unpredictable packet rates, as well as a novel energy balancing approach that extends the network lifetime by dynamically adjusting the delay requirement allocated to each hop. Our empirical results on a hardware testbed demonstrate that DutyCon can effectively achieve the desired tradeoff between end-to-end delay and energy conservation. Extensive simulation results also show that DutyCon outperforms two baseline sleep scheduling protocols by having more energy savings while meeting the end-to-end delay requirements.