Cognitive status impacts age-related changes in attention to novel and target events in normal adults
Cognitive status impacts age-related changes in attention to novel and target events in normal adults
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DOI：
10.1037/0894-4105.21.3.291
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发表时间：
2007-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Holcomb, Phillip J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Daffner, Kirk R.;Chong, Hyemi;Holcomb, Phillip J.
在这项研究中，作者调查了正常成年人的认知状况与年龄相关的对新事物和目标事件的注意变化之间的关系。老年人、中年人和年轻人被分为认知能力高和认知能力一般的组，他们观看了重复的标准刺激、不常见的目标刺激和独特的新奇视觉刺激。受试者通过按下一个按钮来控制观看时间，这个按钮会导致下一个刺激的开始。他们还通过踩下踏板来回应目标。观察不同刺激物所花费的时间是视觉注意力和探索活动的衡量标准。认知能力高的人比认知能力一般的人花更多的时间观看新奇的刺激。在老年受试者中，认知能力高的组和认知能力一般的组之间的差异最大。与认知能力高的人相比，认知能力一般的人对目标的反应更慢、更不准确。研究结果提供了强有力的证据，表明随着年龄的增长，对新奇事物的投入与更高的认知表现之间的联系越来越紧密。此外，研究结果支持了正常认知衰老存在不同模式的观点，以及确定影响这些模式的因素的必要性。
In this study, the authors investigated the relationship between the cognitive status of normal adults and age-related changes in attention to novel and target events. Old, middle-age, and young subjects, divided into cognitively high and cognitively average performing groups, viewed repetitive standard stimuli, infrequent target stimuli, and unique novel visual stimuli. Subjects controlled viewing duration by a button press that led to the onset of the next stimulus. They also responded to targets by pressing a foot pedal. The amount of time spent looking at different kinds of stimuli served as a measure of visual attention and exploratory activity. Cognitively high performers spent more time viewing novel stimuli than cognitively average performers. The magnitude of the difference between cognitively high and cognitively average performing groups was largest among old subjects. Cognitively average performers had slower and less accurate responses to targets than cognitively high performers. The results provide strong evidence that the link between engagement by novelty and higher cognitive performance increases with age. Moreover, the results support the notion of there being different patterns of normal cognitive aging and the need to identify the factors that influence them.